Advanced Energy Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 18, 2025
Abstract
The
seawater
splitting
for
green
hydrogen
production
is
emerging
as
a
key
research
focus
sustainable
energy.
Nevertheless,
the
inherent
complexity
of
seawater,
with
its
diverse
ion
composition
–
especially
chloride
ions,
calcium
and
magnesium
ions
poses
significant
challenges
in
catalyst
design.
Designing
highly
active
electrocatalysts
that
can
resist
corrosion
during
still
challenge.
This
article
presents
an
overview
fundamental
mechanisms
explores
issues
encountered
at
both
cathode
anode
electrode.
then
shifts
to
chlorine
anode,
examining
recent
advances
preventing
strategies.
Notably,
these
design
strategies,
such
anionic
passivation
layers,
corrosion‐resistant
metal
doping,
physical
barrier
situ
phase
transition‐driven
desalination,
decoupled
splitting,
are
comprehensively
investigated,
all
which
aim
enhance
catalytic
stability
splitting.
review
concludes
outlook
on
practical
applications
producing
through
Energy Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
5(8)
Published: March 21, 2025
Seawater
electrolysis
offers
a
sustainable
solution
for
hydrogen
production
by
utilizing
ocean
water
as
an
electrolyte.
However,
the
chlorine
evolution
reaction
(ClER)
and
accumulation
of
magnesium
calcium
precipitates
pose
significant
challenges
to
efficiency
durability.
ClER
competes
with
oxygen
reaction,
reducing
output
accelerating
electrode
degradation,
while
precipitate
formation
on
cathode
blocks
catalytic
sites
impairs
long-term
performance.
Anion
exchange
membrane
electrolyzers
tackle
these
leveraging
alkaline
media
suppress
enhance
catalyst
stability.
Recent
advances
in
selective
catalysts,
protective
coatings,
alternative
oxidation
reactions
further
improve
selectivity
energy
efficiency.
Additionally,
strategies
such
surface
engineering
pH
modulation
mitigate
formation,
ensuring
stable
operation.
Scaling
innovations
into
anion
electrolyzer
systems
demonstrates
their
potential
industrial-level
production.
By
overcoming
fundamental
practical
barriers,
seawater
toward
commercial
deployment
future.
