Jellyfish
and
sea
anemones
fire
single-use,
venom-covered
barbs
to
immobilize
prey
or
predators.
We
previously
showed
that
the
anemone
Nematostella
vectensis
uses
a
specialized
voltage-gated
calcium
(Ca
V
)
channel
trigger
stinging
in
response
synergistic
prey-derived
chemicals
touch
(Weir
et
al.,
2020).
Here
we
use
experiments
theory
find
behavior
is
suited
distinct
ecological
niches.
burrowing
uniquely
strong
Ca
inactivation
for
precise
control
of
predatory
stinging.
In
contrast,
related
Exaiptasia
diaphana
inhabits
exposed
environments
support
photosynthetic
endosymbionts.
Consistent
with
its
niche,
indiscriminately
stings
defense
expresses
splice
variant
confers
weak
inactivation.
Chimeric
analyses
reveal
β
subunit
adaptations
regulate
inactivation,
suggesting
an
evolutionary
tuning
mechanism
behavior.
These
findings
demonstrate
how
functional
specialization
ion
structure
contributes
organismal
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
476(4), P. 659 - 672
Published: Jan. 4, 2024
Abstract
It
is
increasingly
appreciated
that
the
acidic
microenvironment
of
a
tumour
contributes
to
its
evolution
and
clinical
outcomes.
However,
our
understanding
mechanisms
by
which
cells
detect
acidosis
signalling
cascades
it
induces
still
limited.
Acid-sensing
ion
channels
(ASICs)
are
sensitive
receptors
for
protons;
therefore,
they
also
candidates
proton
sensors
in
cells.
Although
non-transformed
tissue,
their
expression
mainly
restricted
neurons,
an
increasing
number
studies
have
reported
ectopic
ASICs
not
only
brain
cancer
but
different
carcinomas,
such
as
breast
pancreatic
cancer.
because
best
known
desensitizing
ionotropic
mediate
rapid
transient
signalling,
how
trigger
intracellular
well
understood.
In
this
review,
we
introduce
tumours
functional
properties
ASICs,
point
out
some
conceptual
problems,
summarize
roles
cancers,
highlight
open
questions
on
action
Finally,
propose
guidelines
keep
ASIC
research
solid
ground.
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
31(4), P. 717 - 726
Published: Feb. 9, 2024
Rapid
signaling
between
neurons
is
mediated
by
ligand-gated
ion
channels,
cell-surface
proteins
with
an
extracellular
ligand-binding
domain
and
a
membrane-spanning
channel
domain.
The
degenerin/epithelial
sodium
(DEG/ENaC)
superfamily
diverse
in
terms
of
its
gating
stimuli,
some
DEG/ENaCs
gated
neuropeptides,
others
pH,
mechanical
force
or
enzymatic
activity.
mechanism
which
ligands
bind
to
activate
poorly
understood.
Here
we
dissected
the
structural
basis
for
neuropeptide-gated
activity
DEG/ENaC,
FMRFamide-gated
1
(FaNaC1)
from
annelid
worm
Malacoceros
fuliginosus,
using
cryo-electron
microscopy.
Structures
FaNaC1
ligand-free
resting
state
several
ligand-bound
states
reveal
site
capture
ligand-induced
conformational
changes
gating,
verified
complementary
mutagenesis
experiments.
Our
results
illuminate
offer
template
experimental
dissection
pharmacology
conduction.
Nervous
systems
are
endowed
with
rapid
chemosensation
and
intercellular
signaling
by
ligand-gated
ion
channels
(LGICs).
While
a
complex,
bilaterally
symmetrical
nervous
system
is
major
innovation
of
bilaterian
animals,
the
employment
specific
LGICs
during
early
evolution
poorly
understood.
We
therefore
questioned
animals’
acid-sensing
(ASICs),
that
mediate
fast
excitatory
responses
to
decreases
in
extracellular
pH
vertebrate
neurons.
Our
phylogenetic
analysis
identified
an
earlier
emergence
ASICs
from
overarching
DEG/ENaC
(degenerin/epithelial
sodium
channel)
superfamily
than
previously
thought
suggests
were
innovation.
broad
examination
ASIC
gene
expression
biophysical
function
each
lineage
Xenacoelomorpha,
Protostomia,
Deuterostomia
earliest
probably
expressed
periphery,
before
being
incorporated
into
brain
as
it
emerged
independently
certain
deuterostomes
xenacoelomorphs.
The
loss
peripheral
cells
Ecdysozoa
after
they
separated
other
protostomes
likely
explains
their
ASICs,
thus
absence
model
organisms
Drosophila
Caenorhabditis
elegans
.
Thus,
our
use
diverse
bilaterians
investigation
LGIC
offers
unique
hypothesis
on
evolution.
Communications Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: Sept. 18, 2023
ASIC
channels
are
bilaterian
proton-gated
sodium
belonging
to
the
large
and
functionally-diverse
Deg/ENaC
family
that
also
includes
peptide-
mechanically-gated
channels.
Here,
we
report
non-bilaterian
invertebrate
Trichoplax
adhaerens
possesses
a
proton-activated
channel,
TadNaC2,
with
unique
combination
of
biophysical
features
including
tachyphylaxis
like
ASIC1a,
reduced
proton
sensitivity
ASIC2a,
biphasic
macroscopic
currents
ASIC3,
as
well
low
channel
blocker
amiloride
Ca2+
ions.
Structural
modeling
mutation
analyses
reveal
TadNaC2
gating
is
different
from
channels,
lacking
key
molecular
determinants,
involving
residues
within
palm
finger
regions.
Phylogenetic
analysis
reveals
monophyletic
clade
T.
which
phylogenetically
distinct
instead
forming
BASIC
Altogether,
this
work
suggests
ASIC-like
evolved
independently
in
its
phylum
Placozoa.
Our
phylogenetic
identifies
several
clades
uncharacterized
metazoan
provides
evidence
for
existence
outside
Metazoa,
present
gene
data
select
unicellular
heterokont
filasterea-related
species.
General and Comparative Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 114718 - 114718
Published: March 1, 2025
Ligand-gated
ion
channels
(LGICs)
are
critical
for
neurotransmission,
mediating
responses
to
neurotransmitters
and
hormones,
influencing
diverse
physiological
processes.
This
study
identifies
classifies
LGICs
across
Platyhelminthes,
with
a
particular
focus
on
parasitic
neodermatans,
which
impact
human
animal
health.
Using
bioinformatics
tools,
we
analyzed
from
41
neodermatan
species
expanded
our
investigation
encompass
vertebrates,
other
invertebrates,
non-bilaterians
trace
LGIC
evolutionary
pathways
Metazoa.
We
identified
2,269
putative
within
species,
classified
into
the
cys-loop,
ASIC/Deg/ENaC,
iGluR,
P2X
families.
Our
phylogenetic
clustering
analyses
reveal
lineage-specific
patterns
distinct
trajectories
each
family
in
neodermatans
compared
free-living
platyhelminths
taxa.
Notably,
ASIC/Deg/ENaC
displayed
greatest
degree
of
neodermatan-specific
divergence,
while
cys-loop
families
were
more
conserved
To
provide
insight
their
potential
roles,
expression
Schistosoma
mansoni,
revealing
widespread
neuronal
muscle
cell
types.
The
distribution
acid-sensing
(ASICs)
both
neurons
muscles
suggests
role
neuromuscular
signalling,
receptor
(Smp_333600)
exhibited
sex-specific
expression,
potentially
indicating
functional
roles
males
females.
Additionally,
several
acetylcholine
GABA
receptors
showed
differential
highlighting
likely
contributions
cholinergic
inhibitory
neurotransmission.
These
findings
underscore
relevance
parasite
physiology,
particularly
sensory
processes,
suggest
targets
antiparasitic
interventions.
The FASEB Journal,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
39(8)
Published: April 16, 2025
ABSTRACT
The
broad
Degenerin/epithelial
sodium
channel
(DEG/ENaC)
family
includes
a
subfamily
of
bile
acid‐sensing
ion
channels
(BASICs).
While
their
biophysical
properties
are
extensively
studied
in
mammals,
the
presence
and
function
BASICs
invertebrates
remain
largely
unexplored.
Here,
we
present
first
functional
evidence
invertebrate
BASICs,
revealing
conserved
features
evolutionary
adaptations
across
bilaterian
species.
Using
electrophysiological
pharmacological
approaches,
show
that
exhibit
species‐specific
acid
sensitivity
profiles
differing
responses
to
blockers,
amiloride,
diminazene,
while
retaining
shared
like
inhibition
by
calcium
ions
selective
permeability
ions.
For
example,
acorn
worm
Schizocardium
californicum
BASIC
displays
similar
brachiopod
Novocrania
anomala
is
activated
solely
ursodeoxycholic
(UDCA)
our
experiments.
Mutagenesis
D444
residue
pore‐lining
region
confirms
its
critical
role
gating.
Combined
phylogenetic
analysis
suggests
emerged
early
evolution,
evolving
from
were
merely
modulated
acids,
cousins,
into
acids.
Tissue‐specific
expression
patterns
imply
roles
acid‐dependent
absorption
or
environmental
sensing
acid‐like
compounds.
Given
absence
endogenous
acids
invertebrates,
propose
may
detect
compounds,
contributing
ecological
interactions.
This
study
enhances
understanding
evolutionary,
functional,
with
implications
for
future
research
native
ligands.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
121(41)
Published: Oct. 4, 2024
The
only
known
peptide-gated
ion
channels—FaNaCs/WaNaCs
and
HyNaCs—belong
to
different
clades
of
the
DEG/ENaC
family.
FaNaCs
are
activated
by
short
neuropeptide
FMRFamide,
HyNaCs
Hydra
RFamides,
which
not
evolutionarily
related
FMRFamide.
FMRFamide-binding
site
in
was
recently
identified
a
cleft
atop
large
extracellular
domain.
However,
this
is
conserved
HyNaCs.
Here,
we
combined
molecular
modeling
site-directed
mutagenesis
putative
binding
pocket
for
Hydra-RFamides
domain
heterotrimeric
HyNaC2/3/5.
This
localizes
one
three
subunit
interfaces,
indicating
that
trimeric
channel
binds
single
peptide
ligand.
We
engineered
an
unnatural
amino
acid
at
entrance,
allowed
covalent
tethering
RFamide
channel,
thereby
trapping
open
conformation.
same
region
as
acidic
acid-sensing
channels
(ASICs),
ligands.
less
acidic,
both
electrostatic
hydrophobic
interactions
contribute
binding.
Collectively,
our
results
reveal
ligand-binding
ASICs
indicate
independent
evolution
peptide-binding
cavities
two
subgroups
channels.
The Journal of Physiology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
601(9), P. 1521 - 1542
Published: Oct. 31, 2022
The
DEG/ENaC
family
of
ion
channels
was
defined
based
on
the
sequence
similarity
between
degenerins
(DEG)
from
nematode
Caenorhabditis
elegans
and
subunits
mammalian
epithelial
sodium
channel
(ENaC),
also
includes
a
diverse
array
non-voltage-gated
cation
across
animal
phyla,
including
acid-sensing
(ASICs)
Drosophila
pickpockets.
ENaCs
ASICs
have
wide
ranging
medical
importance;
for
example,
play
an
important
role
in
respiratory
renal
function,
ischaemia
inflammatory
pain,
as
well
being
implicated
memory
learning.
Electrophysiological
approaches,
both
vitro
vivo,
played
essential
establishing
physiological
properties
this
family,
identifying
modulators
implicating
them
extensive
range
cellular
functions,
mechanosensation,
acid
sensation
synaptic
modulation.
Likewise,
genetic
studies
invertebrates
vertebrates
linking
our
understanding
to
function
at
whole
animal/behavioural
level.
Drawing
together
evidence
is
furthering
precise
roles
channels,
with
diversity
among
members
allowing
comparative
dissect
molecular
basis
these
functions.
Jellyfish
and
sea
anemones
fire
single-use,
venom-covered
barbs
to
immobilize
prey
or
predators.
We
previously
showed
that
the
anemone
Nematostella
vectensis
uses
a
specialized
voltage-gated
calcium
(CaV)
channel
trigger
stinging
in
response
synergistic
prey-derived
chemicals
touch
(Weir
et
al.,
2020).
Here,
we
use
experiments
theory
find
behavior
is
suited
distinct
ecological
niches.
burrowing
uniquely
strong
CaV
inactivation
for
precise
control
of
predatory
stinging.
In
contrast,
related
Exaiptasia
diaphana
inhabits
exposed
environments
support
photosynthetic
endosymbionts.
Consistent
with
its
niche,
indiscriminately
stings
defense
expresses
splice
variant
confers
weak
inactivation.
Chimeric
analyses
reveal
CaVβ
subunit
adaptations
regulate
inactivation,
suggesting
an
evolutionary
tuning
mechanism
behavior.
These
findings
demonstrate
how
functional
specialization
ion
structure
contributes
organismal
Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
40(1), P. 407 - 425
Published: July 25, 2024
In
animals,
the
nervous
system
evolved
as
primary
interface
between
multicellular
organisms
and
environment.
As
became
larger
more
complex,
functions
of
expanded
to
include
modulation
coordination
individual
responsive
cells
via
paracrine
synaptic
well
monitor
maintain
organism's
own
internal
This
was
initially
accomplished
signaling
eventually
through
assembly
multicell
circuits
in
some
lineages.
Cells
with
similar
centralized
systems
have
independently
arisen
several
We
highlight
molecular
mechanisms
that
underlie
parallel
diversifications
system.