Global Mangrove Extent Change 1996–2020: Global Mangrove Watch Version 3.0

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(15), P. 3657 - 3657

Published: July 30, 2022

Mangroves are a globally important ecosystem that provides wide range of system services, such as carbon capture and storage, coastal protection fisheries enhancement. have significantly reduced in global extent over the last 50 years, primarily result deforestation caused by expansion agriculture aquaculture environments. However, limited number studies attempted to estimate changes mangrove extent, particularly into 1990s, despite much loss occurring pre-2000. This study has used L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mosaic datasets from Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) for 11 epochs 1996 2020 develop long-term time-series change. The map-to-image approach change detection where baseline map (GMW v2.5) was updated using thresholding contextual mask. applied between all image-date pairs producing 10 maps each epoch, which were summarised produce time-series. resulting had an estimated accuracy 87.4% (95th conf. int.: 86.2–88.6%), although accuracies individual gain classes lower at 58.1% (52.4–63.9%) 60.6% (56.1–64.8%), respectively. Sources error included misregistration SAR datasets, could only be partially corrected for, but also confusion fragmented areas mangroves, around ponds. Overall, 152,604 km2 (133,996–176,910) mangroves identified 1996, with this decreasing −5245 (−13,587–1444) total 147,359 (127,925–168,895) 2020, representing 3.4% 24-year time period. Global Mangrove Watch Version 3.0 represents most comprehensive record achieved date is expected support activities, including ongoing monitoring environment, defining assessments progress toward conservation targets, protected area planning risk ecosystems worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Overcoming the coupled climate and biodiversity crises and their societal impacts

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 380(6642)

Published: April 20, 2023

Earth's biodiversity and human societies face pollution, overconsumption of natural resources, urbanization, demographic shifts, social economic inequalities, habitat loss, many which are exacerbated by climate change. Here, we review links among climate, biodiversity, society develop a roadmap toward sustainability. These include limiting warming to 1.5°C effectively conserving restoring functional ecosystems on 30 50% land, freshwater, ocean "scapes." We envision mosaic interconnected protected shared spaces, including intensively used strengthen self-sustaining the capacity people nature adapt mitigate change, nature's contributions people. Fostering interlinked human, ecosystem, planetary health for livable future urgently requires bold implementation transformative policy interventions through institutions, governance, systems from local global levels.

Language: Английский

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Recovering wetland biogeomorphic feedbacks to restore the world’s biotic carbon hotspots

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 376(6593)

Published: May 5, 2022

Biogeomorphic wetlands cover 1% of Earth’s surface but store 20% ecosystem organic carbon. This disproportional share is fueled by high carbon sequestration rates and effective storage in peatlands, mangroves, salt marshes, seagrass meadows, which greatly exceed those oceanic forest ecosystems. Here, we review how feedbacks between geomorphology landscape-building vegetation underlie these qualities feedback disruption can switch from sinks into sources. Currently, human activities are driving rapid declines the area major carbon-storing (1% annually). Our findings highlight urgency to stop through conservation ongoing losses reestablish landscape-forming restoration innovations that recover role biogeomorphic as world’s biotic hotspots.

Language: Английский

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Global hotspots of salt marsh change and carbon emissions

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 612(7941), P. 701 - 706

Published: Nov. 30, 2022

Abstract Salt marshes provide ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration 1 , coastal protection 2 sea-level-rise (SLR) adaptation 3 and recreation 4 . SLR 5 storm events 6 drainage 7 mangrove encroachment 8 are known drivers of salt marsh loss. However, the global magnitude location changes in extent remains uncertain. Here we conduct a systematic change analysis Landsat satellite imagery from years 2000–2019 to quantify loss, gain recovery ecosystems then estimate impact these on blue stocks. We show net loss globally, equivalent an area double size Singapore (719 km ), with rate 0.28% year −1 2000 2019. Net losses resulted 16.3 (0.4–33.2, 90% confidence interval) Tg CO e emissions 2019 0.045 (−0.14–0.115) reduction burial. Russia USA accounted for 64% losses, driven by hurricanes erosion. Our findings highlight vulnerability systems climatic intensification storms cyclones.

Language: Английский

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Coastal vegetation and estuaries are collectively a greenhouse gas sink

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 579 - 587

Published: May 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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Climate change: Strategies for mitigation and adaptation

The Innovation Geoscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 100015 - 100015

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

<p>The sustainability of life on Earth is under increasing threat due to human-induced climate change. This perilous change in the Earth's caused by increases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases atmosphere, primarily emissions associated with burning fossil fuels. Over next two three decades, effects change, such as heatwaves, wildfires, droughts, storms, floods, are expected worsen, posing greater risks human health global stability. These trends call for implementation mitigation adaptation strategies. Pollution environmental degradation exacerbate existing problems make people nature more susceptible In this review, we examine current state from different perspectives. We summarize evidence Earth’s spheres, discuss emission pathways drivers analyze impact health. also explore strategies highlight key challenges reversing adapting change.</p>

Language: Английский

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Climate change challenges, plant science solutions

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 24 - 66

Published: Oct. 12, 2022

Climate change is a defining challenge of the 21st century, and this decade critical time for action to mitigate worst effects on human populations ecosystems. Plant science can play an important role in developing crops with enhanced resilience harsh conditions (e.g. heat, drought, salt stress, flooding, disease outbreaks) engineering efficient carbon-capturing carbon-sequestering plants. Here, we present examples research being conducted these areas discuss challenges open questions as call plant community.

Language: Английский

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Mangrove reforestation provides greater blue carbon benefit than afforestation for mitigating global climate change

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 10, 2023

Significant efforts have been invested to restore mangrove forests worldwide through reforestation and afforestation. However, blue carbon benefit has not compared between these two silvicultural pathways at the global scale. Here, we integrated results from direct field measurements of over 370 restoration sites around world show that (reestablishing mangroves where they previously colonized) had a greater storage potential per hectare than afforestation (establishing mangrove). Greater accumulation was mainly attributed favorable intertidal positioning, higher nitrogen availability, lower salinity most sites. Reforestation all physically feasible areas in deforested regions could promote uptake 671.5-688.8 Tg CO2-eq globally 40-year period, 60% more afforesting same area on tidal flats (more marginal sites). Along with avoiding conflicts habitat conversion, should be given priority when designing nature-based solutions for mitigating climate change.

Language: Английский

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The planetary role of seagrass conservation

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(6606), P. 609 - 613

Published: Aug. 4, 2022

Seagrasses are remarkable plants that have adapted to live in a marine environment. They form extensive meadows found globally bioengineer their local environments and preserve the coastal seascape. With increasing realization of planetary emergency we face, there is growing interest using seagrasses as nature-based solution for greenhouse gas mitigation. However, seagrass sensitivity stressors acute, many places, risk loss degradation persists. If ecological state remains compromised, then ability contribute solutions climate biodiversity crisis doubt. We examine major role play how rethinking conservation critical understanding part fighting our emergency.

Language: Английский

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Carbon Removal Using Coastal Blue Carbon Ecosystems Is Uncertain and Unreliable, With Questionable Climatic Cost-Effectiveness

Frontiers in Climate, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: July 28, 2022

Mangrove forests, seagrass meadows and tidal saltmarshes are vegetated coastal ecosystems that accumulate store large quantities of carbon in their sediments. Many recent studies reviews have favorably identified the potential for such “blue carbon” to provide a natural climate solution two ways: by conservation, reducing greenhouse gas emissions arising from loss degradation habitats, restoration, increase dioxide drawdown its long-term storage. The focus here is on latter, assessing feasibility achieving quantified secure removal (negative emissions) through restoration vegetation. Seven issues affect reliability accounting this approach considered: high variability burial rates; errors determining lateral transport; fluxes methane nitrous oxide; carbonate formation dissolution; vulnerability future change; non-climatic factors. Information costs also reviewed, with conclusion highly uncertain, lower-range estimates unrealistic wider application. CO 2 using blue therefore has questionable cost-effectiveness when considered only as mitigation action, either carbon-offsetting or inclusion Nationally Determined Contributions. important relating measurement storage yet be resolved, affecting certification resulting over-crediting. nevertheless advantageous adaptation, protection, food provision biodiversity conservation. Such action can societally justified very many circumstances, based multiple benefits habitats at local scale.

Language: Английский

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