American Journal of Chemical Engineering,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. 1 - 13
Published: Jan. 31, 2025
This
study
aims
to
assess
the
factors
and
geochemical
processes
controlling
groundwater
quality
in
prefecture
of
Bassar.
It
is
a
major
yam
tubers
pre-colonial
West
African
iron
production
center
Togo
but
with
limited
investigations
on
chemistry.
Conventional
hydrochemical
techniques
mass
balance
calculations,
intervariables
correlation,
factor
analysis
principal
component
methods
were
applied
chemical
database
ions
heavy
metals
concentrations
twenty
borehole
water
samples.
These
samples
collected
during
dry
season
analyzed
following
AFNOR
standard
for
examination
water.
The
results
showed
fresh
circumneutral
types
pH
values
between
6.7
7.5
an
average
7.1
EC
280
1148
µS/cm
691
µS/cm.
All
parameters
comply
WHO
drinking
guideline
value
except
Arsenic
content
5
%
samples,
suggesting
potential
health
risks
residents
relying
raw
purposes.
Anions
cations'
contributions
mineralization
are
order
HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>>
Cl<sup>-</sup>
>
SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>
NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>
Ca<sup>2+
</sup>>
Mg<sup>2+</sup>
Na<sup>+</sup>
K<sup>+</sup>,
respectively.
main
facies
mixed
cations-HCO<sub>3</sub>
types,
followed
by
accessory
Ca-HCO<sub>3</sub>,
Mg-HCO<sub>3</sub>,
Ca-Mg-Cl,
Mg-Na-HCO<sub>3</sub>,
under
control
water-rock
interaction
mechanisms
human
activities
influence
from
agriculture
practices.
silicate
minerals
hydrolysis,
carbonate,
soil
salts
dissolution,
sorption,
cations
exchange
thermodynamic
equilibrium
kaolinite,
muscovite,
K-feldspar,
smectites
such
as
Mg-montmorillonite
solid
phases.
Fe/Mn-(hydr)oxide
phases
aquifer
matrix
exert
significant
mobility
As
Sb
originating
geogenic
sources
area.
provides
insight
into
quality,
baseline
tool
security
concerning
trace
constituents
Bassar
prefecture.
American Journal of Chemical Engineering,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(1), P. 1 - 13
Published: Jan. 31, 2025
This
study
aims
to
assess
the
factors
and
geochemical
processes
controlling
groundwater
quality
in
prefecture
of
Bassar.
It
is
a
major
yam
tubers
pre-colonial
West
African
iron
production
center
Togo
but
with
limited
investigations
on
chemistry.
Conventional
hydrochemical
techniques
mass
balance
calculations,
intervariables
correlation,
factor
analysis
principal
component
methods
were
applied
chemical
database
ions
heavy
metals
concentrations
twenty
borehole
water
samples.
These
samples
collected
during
dry
season
analyzed
following
AFNOR
standard
for
examination
water.
The
results
showed
fresh
circumneutral
types
pH
values
between
6.7
7.5
an
average
7.1
EC
280
1148
µS/cm
691
µS/cm.
All
parameters
comply
WHO
drinking
guideline
value
except
Arsenic
content
5
%
samples,
suggesting
potential
health
risks
residents
relying
raw
purposes.
Anions
cations'
contributions
mineralization
are
order
HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>>
Cl<sup>-</sup>
>
SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>
NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>
Ca<sup>2+
</sup>>
Mg<sup>2+</sup>
Na<sup>+</sup>
K<sup>+</sup>,
respectively.
main
facies
mixed
cations-HCO<sub>3</sub>
types,
followed
by
accessory
Ca-HCO<sub>3</sub>,
Mg-HCO<sub>3</sub>,
Ca-Mg-Cl,
Mg-Na-HCO<sub>3</sub>,
under
control
water-rock
interaction
mechanisms
human
activities
influence
from
agriculture
practices.
silicate
minerals
hydrolysis,
carbonate,
soil
salts
dissolution,
sorption,
cations
exchange
thermodynamic
equilibrium
kaolinite,
muscovite,
K-feldspar,
smectites
such
as
Mg-montmorillonite
solid
phases.
Fe/Mn-(hydr)oxide
phases
aquifer
matrix
exert
significant
mobility
As
Sb
originating
geogenic
sources
area.
provides
insight
into
quality,
baseline
tool
security
concerning
trace
constituents
Bassar
prefecture.