Climate Change 2022 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability

Published: June 22, 2023

The Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive assessment scientific literature relevant climate change impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. report recognizes interactions climate, ecosystems biodiversity, human societies, integrates across natural, ecological, social economic sciences. It emphasizes how efforts in reducing greenhouse gas emissions can come together process called resilient development, which enables liveable future for biodiversity humankind. IPCC is leading body assessing science. reports are produced comprehensive, objective transparent ways, ensuring they reflect full range views literature. Novel elements include focused topical assessments, an atlas presenting observed impacts risks from global regional scales. Available as Open Access Cambridge Core.

Language: Английский

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The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 400(10363), P. 1619 - 1654

Published: Oct. 25, 2022

Language: Английский

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Global and Regional Trends and Drivers of Fire Under Climate Change

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 60(3)

Published: April 11, 2022

Abstract Recent wildfire outbreaks around the world have prompted concern that climate change is increasing fire incidence, threatening human livelihood and biodiversity, perpetuating change. Here, we review current understanding of impacts on weather (weather conditions conducive to ignition spread wildfires) consequences for regional activity as mediated by a range other bioclimatic factors (including vegetation biogeography, productivity lightning) ignition, suppression, land use). Through supplemental analyses, present stocktake trends in burned area (BA) during recent decades, examine how relates its drivers. Fire controls annual timing fires most regions also drives inter‐annual variability BA Mediterranean, Pacific US high latitude forests. Increases frequency extremity been globally pervasive due 1979–2019, meaning landscapes are primed burn more frequently. Correspondingly, increases ∼50% or higher seen some extratropical forest ecoregions including high‐latitude forests 2001–2019, though interannual remains large these regions. Nonetheless, can override relationship between weather. For example, savannahs strongly patterns fuel production fragmentation naturally fire‐prone agriculture. Similarly, tropical relate deforestation rates degradation than changing Overall, has reduced 27% past two part decline African savannahs. According models, prevalence already emerged beyond pre‐industrial Mediterranean change, emergence will become increasingly widespread at additional levels warming. Moreover, several major wildfires experienced years, Australian bushfires 2019/2020, occurred amidst were considerably likely Current models incompletely reproduce observed spatial based their existing representations relationships controls, historical vary across models. Advances observation controlling supporting addition optimization processes exerting upwards pressure intensity weather, this escalate with each increment global Improvements better interactions climate, extremes, humans required predict future mitigate against consequences.

Language: Английский

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Multi-decadal increase of forest burned area in Australia is linked to climate change

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Nov. 26, 2021

Abstract Fire activity in Australia is strongly affected by high inter-annual climate variability and extremes. Through changes the climate, anthropogenic change has potential to alter fire dynamics. Here we compile satellite (19 32 years) ground-based (90 burned area datasets, weather observations, simulated fuel loads for Australian forests. Burned Australia’s forests shows a linear positive annual trend but an exponential increase during autumn winter. The mean number of years since last decreased consecutively each past four decades, while frequency forest megafire (>1 Mha burned) markedly increased 2000. consistent with increasingly more dangerous conditions, risk factors associated pyroconvection, including fire-generated thunderstorms, ignitions from dry lightning, all varying degrees change.

Language: Английский

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Extreme weather impacts of climate change: an attribution perspective

Environmental Research Climate, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 012001 - 012001

Published: June 28, 2022

Abstract Extreme event attribution aims to elucidate the link between global climate change, extreme weather events, and harms experienced on ground by people, property, nature. It therefore allows disentangling of different drivers from human-induced change hence provides valuable information adapt assess loss damage. However, providing such assessments systematically is currently out reach. This due limitations in science, including capacity for studying types as well geographical heterogeneity both impact data availability. Here, we review current knowledge influences five hazards (extreme temperatures, heavy rainfall, drought, wildfire, tropical cyclones), impacts recent events each type, thus degree which various are attributable change. For instance, heat extremes have increased likelihood intensity worldwide with tens thousands deaths directly attributable. likely a significant underestimate limited availability lower- middle-income countries. Meanwhile, cyclone rainfall storm surge height individual across all basins. In North Atlantic basin, amplified that, combined, caused half trillion USD damages. At same time, severe droughts many parts world not To advance our understanding present-day developments several levels required. These include improving recording around world, coverage studies regions, using explore contributions non-climate impacts.

Language: Английский

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The 2019/2020 mega-fires exposed Australian ecosystems to an unprecedented extent of high-severity fire

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 044029 - 044029

Published: March 3, 2021

Abstract Extreme fire seasons characterised by very large ‘mega-fires’ have demonstrably increased area burnt across forested regions globally. However, the effect of extreme on severity, a measure impacts ecosystems, remains unclear. Very wildfires an unprecedented temperate forest, woodland and shrubland south-eastern Australia in 2019/2020, providing opportunity to examine impact fires severity patterns. We developed atlas wildfire between 1988 2020 test (a) whether 2019/2020 season was more severe than previous seasons, (b) if proportion high-severity within burn extent (HSp) increases with size annual burnt. demonstrate that were generally greater but not proportionally fires, owing constant scaling HSp dominant dry-forest communities. did increase increasing wet-forests less-common rainforest The absolute (∼1.8 M ha) larger previously seen, accounting for ∼44% over past 33 years. Our results are rare defining feature regimes regions, disproportionate influence mega-fires

Language: Английский

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Evapotranspiration on a greening Earth

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(9), P. 626 - 641

Published: Aug. 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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Satellite remote sensing of active fires: History and current status, applications and future requirements

Remote Sensing of Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 267, P. 112694 - 112694

Published: Oct. 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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Impacts of climate change on the fate of contaminants through extreme weather events

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 909, P. 168388 - 168388

Published: Nov. 11, 2023

The direct impacts of climate change involve a multitude phenomena, including rising sea levels, intensified severe weather events such as droughts and flooding, increased temperatures leading to wildfires, unpredictable fluctuations in rainfall. This comprehensive review intends examine firstly the probable consequences on extreme drought, flood wildfire. subsequently examines release transformation contaminants terrestrial, aquatic, atmospheric environments response driven by change. While drought influence dynamics inorganic organic terrestrial aquatic environments, thereby influencing their mobility transport, wildfire results spread atmosphere. There is nascent awareness change's change-induced environmental scientific community decision-making processes. remediation industry, particular, lags behind adopting adaptive measures for managing contaminated affected events. However, recognizing need assessment represents pivotal first step towards fostering more practices management environments. We highlight urgency collaboration between chemists experts, emphasizing importance jointly assessing fate rigorous action augment risk strategies safeguard health our environment.

Language: Английский

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Vast CO2 release from Australian fires in 2019–2020 constrained by satellite

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 597(7876), P. 366 - 369

Published: Sept. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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