Global Methane Budget 2000–2020

Published: June 6, 2024

Abstract. Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH4) budget is important for assessing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. Emissions atmospheric concentrations of CH4 continue increase, maintaining as second most human-influenced greenhouse gas in terms forcing after carbon dioxide (CO2). The relative importance compared CO2 temperature change related its shorter lifetime, stronger radiative effect, acceleration growth rate over past decade, causes which are still debated. Two major challenges reducing uncertainties factors explaining well-observed arise from diverse, geographically overlapping sources uncertain magnitude temporal destruction by short-lived highly variable hydroxyl radicals (OH). To address these challenges, we have established a consortium multi-disciplinary scientists under umbrella Global Carbon Project improve, synthesise update regularly stimulate new research on cycle. Following Saunois et al. (2016, 2020), present here third version living review paper dedicated decadal budget, integrating results top-down emission estimates (based in-situ observing satellite (GOSAT) observations an ensemble inverse-model results) bottom-up process-based models estimating land-surface emissions chemistry, inventories anthropogenic emissions, data-driven extrapolations). We recent 2010–2019 calendar decade (the latest period full datasets available), previous 2000–2009 year 2020. revision this edition benefits progress inland freshwater with better accounting lakes ponds, reservoirs, streams rivers. This also reduces double across wetland and, first time, includes estimate potential that exists (average 23 Tg yr-1). Bottom-up approaches show combined average 248 [159–369] yr-1 decade. Natural fluxes perturbed human activities through climate, eutrophication, land use. In estimate, component contributing emissions. Newly available gridded products allowed us derive almost complete latitudinal regional based approaches. For estimated inversions (top-down) be 575 (range 553–586, corresponding minimum maximum model ensemble). Of amount, 369 or ~65 % attributed direct fossil, agriculture waste biomass burning 350–391 63–68 %). period, give slightly lower total than 2010–2019, 32 9–40). Since 2012, trends been tracking scenarios assume no minimal mitigation policies proposed Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change (shared socio-economic SSP5 SSP3). methods suggest 16 (94 yr-1) larger (669 yr-1, range 512–849) inversion period. discrepancy between budgets has greatly reduced differences (167 156 respectively), time uncertainty overlap. distribution inversion-based indicates predominance tropical southern hemisphere (~65 <30° N) mid (30° N–60° N, ~30 emissions) high-northern latitudes (60° N–90° ~4 emissions). similar though contributions latitudes, smaller tropics inversions. Although bottom-up, source attributable natural especially those wetlands freshwaters. identify five priorities improving budget: i) producing global, high-resolution map water-saturated soils inundated areas emitting robust classification different types ecosystems; ii) further development inland-water emissions; iii) intensification at local (e.g., FLUXNET-CH4 measurements, urban-scale monitoring, imagery pointing capabilities) scales (surface networks remote sensing measurements satellites) constrain both inversions; iv) improvements transport representation photochemical sinks inversions, v) integration 3D variational systems using isotopic and/or co-emitted species such ethane well information super-emitters detected (mainly oil sector but coal, landfills) improve partitioning. data presented can downloaded https://doi.org/10.18160/GKQ9-2RHT (Martinez al., 2024).

Language: Английский

---

Methanotrophy: A Biological Method to Mitigate Global Methane Emission

Microbiology Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 634 - 654

Published: April 25, 2024

Methanotrophy is a biological process that effectively reduces global methane emissions by utilizing microorganisms can utilize as source of energy under both oxic and anoxic conditions, using variety different electron acceptors. Methanotrophic microbes, which their primary carbon energy, are found in various environments, such soil, sediments, freshwater, marine ecosystems. These microbes play significant role the cycle consuming methane, potent greenhouse gas, converting it into dioxide, less harmful. However, known to be contributor ozone formation considered major gas. Methane alone contributes 30% warming; its increased over 32% last three decades thus affect humans, animals, vegetation adversely. There sources emissions, like agricultural activities, wastewater management, landfills, coal mining, wetlands, certain industrial processes. In view adverse effects urgent measures required reduce emissions. Methanotrophs have attracted attention multifunctional bacteria with potential applications mitigation environmental bioremediation. roles biogeochemical cycles oxidizing coupled reduction Methanotrophy, natural converts presents promising solution mitigate impact on climate change. Nonetheless, additional research necessary enhance expand these approaches for extensive use. this review, we summarize key strategies, microbial aspects, application methanotrophs sinks increasing anthropogenic

Language: Английский

---

Including Methane Emissions from Agricultural Ponds in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(19), P. 8349 - 8359

Published: May 2, 2024

Agricultural ponds are a significant source of greenhouse gases, contributing to the ongoing challenge anthropogenic climate change. Nations encouraged account for these emissions in their national gas inventory reports. We present remote sensing approach using open-access satellite imagery estimate total methane from agricultural that (1) monthly fluctuations surface area individual ponds, (2) rates historical accumulation and (3) temperature dependence emissions. As case study, we used this method inform 2024 National Greenhouse Gas Inventory reports submitted by Australian government, compliance with Paris Agreement. Total annual increased 58% 1990 (26 kilotons CH4 year–1) 2022 (41 year–1). This increase is linked water growing 51% between (115 kilo hectares; 1,150 km2) (173 1,730 km2). In Australia, 16,000 new built annually, expanding methane-emitting surfaces 1,230 ha yearly (12.3 km2 On average, flux Australia 0.238 t ha–1 year–1. These results offer policymakers insights into developing targeted mitigation strategies curb specific forms For instance, financial incentives, such as carbon or biodiversity credits, can mobilize widespread investments toward reducing enhancing ecological environmental values ponds. Our data modeling tools available on free cloud-based platform other countries adopt approach.

Language: Английский

---

Experimental Ecosystem Eutrophication Causes Offsetting Effects on Emissions of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O from Agricultural Reservoirs

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(16), P. 7045 - 7055

Published: April 8, 2024

Despite decades of research and management efforts, eutrophication remains a persistent threat to inland waters. As nutrient pollution intensifies in the coming decades, implications for aquatic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are poorly defined, particularly responses individual GHGs: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O). The biogeochemical controls each can differ, making it difficult predict overall effect on net radiative forcing ecosystems. Here, we induced small nitrogen (N)-limited agricultural reservoirs measured changes diffusive GHG within before-after-control-impact (BACI) study design during June September 2021. Each exhibited unique response 300% increases primary production, with shift from an CO2 source sink, modest increase N2O flux, and, unexpectedly, no significant change CH4 emissions. lack directional CO2-equivalent fertilized summer contrasts findings empirical studies eutrophic lakes. Our illustrate difficulty extrapolating among different sized ecosystems suggest that forecast 2-fold N fertilization by 2050 may not result consistently elevated summer, at least continental grassland regions.

Language: Английский

---

Greenhouse Systems: A Sustainable Solution to Develop Shrimp Aquaculture Industry

IntechOpen eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Within the global aquaculture industry, sustainable shrimp industry is becoming more important as demand for seafood rises and expands. However, it faces several issues including environmental impact, disease, low productivity, water quality control. Recent developments in greenhouse (GS) have yielded promising solutions to address these challenges with development of industry. This chapter explores potential application GS an environmentally friendly approach Firstly, discussing limitations facing traditional open-pond farming their concerns. Then, highlights concept its unique advantages, such enhanced conditions, disease prevention, improved protocols. The components required will be reviewed. essential that are crucial efficient aquaculture. Furthermore, also integration other aquatic organisms fish, clams, seaweed, enhancing both sustainability profitability In conclusion, sector stands poised surmount existing challenges, mitigate footprint, cater escalating sustainably produced shrimp. summary, can obstacles, reduce satisfy rising production.

Language: Английский

---

Human Activities Reshape Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Inland Waters

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Inland waters are significant sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in an increasingly human‐dominated world, yet the mechanisms by which human activities reshape GHG emissions from these systems remain poorly understood. Here, we synthesized research three landscapes—agricultural, urban, and impounded river systems—to demonstrate that inland within exhibit significantly higher compared to their natural or seminatural counterparts. This is particularly evident for CH 4 N 2 O emissions, show median enhancement ratios 2.0–10 2.4–13 across systems, respectively. In contrast, CO overall lower (median < 2.0–3.1), largely due simultaneously increased photosynthetic uptake aquatic eutrophication. These observations underscore a clear footprint on underlying biogeochemical processes. The observed changes driven inputs sediments, carbon, nutrients human‐disturbed landscapes, coupled with expansion anoxia resulting metabolism, fine sediment deposition, Beyond altering emission rates, also modify abundance distribution waters, potentially exerting substantial, unquantified, effects landscape‐scale emissions. We highlight importance understanding processes accurately quantifying mitigating Future mitigation efforts should account variability discussed this review effectively address human‐induced waters.

Language: Английский

---

Intensifying Methane Emissions in Chinese Ponds: The Interplay of Warming, Eutrophication, and Depth Changes

Water Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 281, P. 123576 - 123576

Published: April 2, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Methane emissions from Australia estimated by inverse analysis using in-situ and Satellite (GOSAT) atmospheric observations

GIScience & Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 62(1)

Published: April 15, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Small Ponds as Carbon Emission and Burial Hotspots in Lowland Agricultural Landscape

Earth s Future, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract Clarifying carbon (C) cycling in small ponds is vital for understanding C transport lowland agricultural landscape. Quantifying flux crucial learning cycling, but challenging due to its complex and significant impacts from intensive human activities. Here, we developed a process‐based model (CDP) achieve daily estimation of dynamics within artificial watersheds (polders), proposed dual evaluation approach (concentration flux) assess the model's performance using two data sets obtained eight typical polders Lake Taihu Basin. The captured pond dynamics, achieving Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency 0.44 ± 0.27. Our estimations based on newly‐developed showed large emissions, primarily through dioxide (CO 2 ) (497.5 g m −2 yr −1 ), along with burial (27.8 hot moment summer. Scenario simulations revealed distinct emissions associated growth death phytoplankton macrophytes. A 10% increase macrophyte rates 1.8 CO emission, while similar related 12.2–16.2% burial. This study quick response phytoplankton‐macrophyte dominance, highlighted high potential high‐resolution (daily) quantification fluxes, thereby enhancing our ponds.

Language: Английский

---

Global Methane Budget 2000–2020

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 1873 - 1958

Published: May 9, 2025

Abstract. Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH4) budget is important for assessing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. CH4 second most human-influenced greenhouse gas in terms of forcing after carbon dioxide (CO2), both emissions atmospheric concentrations have continued increase since 2007 a temporary pause. The relative importance compared those CO2 temperature change related its shorter lifetime, stronger radiative effect, acceleration growth rate over past decade, causes which are still debated. Two major challenges factors responsible observed arise from diverse, geographically overlapping sources uncertain magnitude temporal destruction by short-lived highly variable hydroxyl radicals (OH). To address these challenges, we established consortium multidisciplinary scientists under umbrella Global Carbon Project improve, synthesise, update regularly stimulate new research on cycle. Following Saunois et al. (2016, 2020), present here third version living review paper dedicated decadal budget, integrating results top-down emission estimates (based situ Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) observations an ensemble inverse-model results) bottom-up process-based models estimating land surface chemistry, inventories anthropogenic emissions, data-driven extrapolations). We recent 2010–2019 calendar decade (the latest period full data sets available), previous 2000–2009 year 2020. revision this 2025 edition benefits progress inland freshwater with better counting lakes ponds, reservoirs, streams rivers. This also reduces double across wetland and, first time, includes estimate potential that may exist (average 23 Tg yr−1). Bottom-up approaches show combined average 248 [159–369] yr−1 decade. Natural fluxes perturbed human activities through climate, eutrophication, use. In estimate, component contributing emissions. Newly available gridded products allowed us derive almost complete latitudinal regional based approaches. For estimated inversions (top-down) be 575 (range 553–586, corresponding minimum maximum model ensemble). Of amount, 369 or ∼ 65 % attributed direct fossil, agriculture, waste biomass burning 350–391 63 %–68 %). period, give slightly lower total than 2010–2019, 32 9–40). 2020 highest reaches 608 581–627), 12 higher 2000s. Since 2012, trends been tracking scenarios assume no minimal mitigation policies proposed Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change (shared socio-economic SSP5 SSP3). methods suggest 16 (94 yr−1) larger (669 yr−1, range 512–849) inversion period. discrepancy between budgets has greatly reduced differences (167 156 2020) respectively), time uncertainties overlap. Although bottom-up, source uncertainty attributable natural especially wetlands freshwaters. tropospheric loss methane, as main contributor at 563 [510–663] chemistry–climate models. These values due impact rise remaining large (∼ 25 sink 633 [507–796] 554 [550–567] However, use same OH distribution, introduces less likely justified. agriculture contributed 228 [213–242] 211 [195–231] budget. Fossil fuel 115 [100–124] 120 [117–125] Biomass biofuel 27 [26–27] 28 [21–39] identify five priorities improving budget: (i) producing global, high-resolution map water-saturated soils inundated areas emitting robust classification different types ecosystems; (ii) further development inland-water emissions; (iii) intensification local (e.g. FLUXNET-CH4 measurements, urban-scale monitoring, satellite imagery pointing capabilities) scales (surface networks remote sensing measurements satellites) constrain inversions; (iv) improvements transport representation photochemical sinks (v) integration 3D variational systems using isotopic and/or co-emitted species such ethane well information super-emitters detected (mainly oil sector but coal, landfills) improve partitioning. presented can downloaded https://doi.org/10.18160/GKQ9-2RHT (Martinez al., 2024).

Language: Английский

---