Where and with whom does a brief social-belonging intervention promote progress in college?

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 380(6644), P. 499 - 505

Published: May 4, 2023

A promising way to mitigate inequality is by addressing students' worries about belonging. But where and with whom this social-belonging intervention effective? Here we report a team-science randomized controlled experiment 26,911 students at 22 diverse institutions. Results showed that the intervention, administered online before college (in under 30 minutes), increased rate which completed first year as full-time students, especially among in groups had historically progressed lower rates. The context also mattered: was effective only when were afforded opportunities belong. This study develops methods for understanding how student identities contexts interact interventions. It shows low-cost, scalable generalizes its effects 749 4-year institutions United States.

Language: Английский

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The context deficit in leadership research

The Leadership Quarterly, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 101755 - 101755

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

Language: Английский

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Gender bias in teaching evaluations: the causal role of department gender composition

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(4)

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

Women are underrepresented in academia’s higher ranks. Promotion oftentimes requires positive student-provided course evaluations. At a U.S. university, both an archival and experimental investigation uncovered gender discrimination that affected men women. A department’s composition the levels being taught interacted to predict biases However, women were disproportionately impacted because more often minority. subsequent audit of university’s promotion guidelines suggested disproportionate impact on women’s career trajectories. Our framework was guided by role congruity theory, which poses workplace positions gendered ratios who fill them. We hypothesized students would expect educators majority so essential teaching upper-level courses those minority supportive lower-level courses. Consistent with theory when educator’s violated expected roles, we generally found form lower evaluation scores. follow-up experiment demonstrated it possible change students’ expectations about teach their When assigned randomly picture themselves as male-dominated, female-dominated, or gender-parity department, shifted whether upper- Violating created negative This provided causal link between department discrimination. The importance representation ameliorating strategies discussed.

Language: Английский

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The Moral Career of the Genocide Perpetrator: Cognition, Emotions, and Dehumanization as a Consequence, Not a Cause, of Violence

Sociological Theory, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(4), P. 324 - 351

Published: Oct. 26, 2023

Scholars have long argued that dehumanization causes violence. However, others recently those who harm do so because they feel pressured or view violence as justified. Examining the Rwandan genocide, this article contends contradictory theories of can be reconciled through consideration cultural and moral sociology. Research on culture action demonstrates when people strive to implement new practices, often explicitly work them cognitively emotionally. With time, however, these conscious processes diminish until actions were once proceed with ease. In another vein, morality research suggests our affective responses indicate their significance; we not react emotionally actions, are morally irrelevant. Herein, I combine ideas a temporal analysis Hutus’ recollections killing Tutsi find cognitive, emotional, relational transformations rendered mundane over time. Dehumanization was consequence violence, cause.

Language: Английский

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Diversity and the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP)

Nature Reviews Psychology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(8), P. 483 - 495

Published: June 15, 2023

Language: Английский

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EXPRESS: Intersectionality in Marketing: a Paradigm for Understanding Understudied Consumers

Journal of Marketing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 20, 2024

Intersectionality remains largely underutilized within marketing. To address this gap, article synthesizes literature to provide tools for incorporating intersectionality into marketing research, including a framework an intersectional paradigm, research design roadmap, agenda, and key takeaways stakeholders. The definition of focuses on three main components: (1) awareness acknowledgment overlapping (rather than isolated) social categories (e.g., gender, race, class), (2) understanding how differences in lived experiences at these intersections influence the marketplace, (3) recognition power shapes experiences. This article's novel roadmap features concrete theoretical methodological approaches researchers from various backgrounds utilize solving problems: conducting exploratory subsample analyses, developing theory hypotheses, inclusive reviews, collecting reporting detailed demographics, sampling understudied populations, carefully situating conclusions. agenda provides questions emerging topics societal, organizational, consumer levels. Engaging with will help ensure that socially relevant, develops diverse theories, more accurately reflects populations communities.

Language: Английский

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Embedding Cognition: Judgment and Choice in an Interdependent and Dynamic World

Current Directions in Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(4), P. 328 - 336

Published: May 19, 2023

Society is facing pressing interrelated, multilevel, and systemic challenges. Human consumption patterns are driving biodiversity loss climate change, with unevenly distributed impacts that exacerbate preexisting inequalities. Structural or systems-level solutions to these challenges depend on group- individual-level vice versa. Although cognitive psychology has advanced our understanding of individual group-level decision-making, it rarely links microlevel processes behaviors network- structures, resulting in a fragmented theory how collective action can drive broader social change. For example, established physical, social, historical contexts shape perception, reasoning, decision-making but largely ignored the dynamic interdependent relationship between behavior contexts. In this review, we urge researchers move beyond focus static cognition incorporate deeper theorizing about temporal dynamics feedbacks individuals which they embedded. We review literature emphasizing role context shaping psychological as well emerging research considers embedded complex adaptive systems. Complex systems frameworks suited study among structures inhabit. The integration perspectives may thus offer traction identifying solution pathways complex, multilevel by pointing theories methods integrate across levels analysis account for coupled nature-society

Language: Английский

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15 Years of (Who)man Robot Interaction: Reviewing the H in Human-Robot Interaction

ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 1 - 28

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

Recent work identified a concerning trend of disproportional gender representation in research participants Human–Computer Interaction (HCI). Motivated by the fact that Human–Robot (HRI) shares many participant practices with HCI, we explored whether this is mirrored our field. By producing dataset covering all 684 full papers published at HRI conference from 2006–2021, identify current trends participation. We find an over-representation men to date, as well inconsistent and/or incomplete reporting, which typically engages binary treatment odds best practice guidelines. further examine if and how has been considered user studies in-line discourse surrounding importance potential risks based analyses. Finally, complement survey researchers correlations between who doing taking part, reflect on factors seemingly influence bias participation across different sub-fields HRI. Through analysis, areas for improvement, but also reason optimism, derive some practical suggestions going forward.

Language: Английский

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Strategic Messaging to Promote Policies that Advance Racial Equity: What Do We Know, and What Do We Need to Learn?

Milbank Quarterly, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 101(2), P. 349 - 425

Published: April 25, 2023

Policy Points Many studies have explored the impact of message strategies to build support for policies that advance racial equity, but few examine effects richer stories lived experience and detailed accounts ways racism is embedded in policy design implementation. Longer messages framed emphasize social structural causes inequity hold significant potential enhance equity. There an urgent need develop, test, disseminate communication interventions center perspectives from historically marginalized people promote advocacy, community mobilization, collective action Context Long‐standing inequities health well‐being are shaped by racialized public perpetuate disadvantage among Black, Brown, Indigenous, color. Strategic messaging can accelerate policymaker population health. We lack a comprehensive understanding lessons learned work on equity gaps knowledge it reveals. Methods A scoping review peer‐reviewed communication, psychology, political science, sociology, health, tested how various influence mobilization domains across wide variety systems. used keyword database searches, author bibliographic reviews reference lists relevant sources compile 55 papers with 80 experiments test one or more shaping equity–related policies, as well cognitive/emotional factors predict their support. Findings Most report short‐term very short manipulations. Although many these find evidence race use cues tend undermine accumulated body has generally not richer, nuanced and/or historical contemporary well‐designed offer longer‐form though questions require further research. Conclusions conclude laying out research agenda fill numerous evidentiary base related building sectors.

Language: Английский

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Facecraft: Race Reification in Psychological Research With Faces

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

Faces are socially important surfaces of the body on which various meanings attached. The widespread physiognomic belief that faces inherently contain predictive value is why they make a generative stimulus for perception research. However, critical problems arise in studies simultaneously investigate and race. Researchers studying race racism inadvertently engage research practices transform with specific phenotypes into straightforward representatives their presumed category, thereby taking its phenotypic associations granted. I argue map categories onto using bioessentialist ideas racial constitute form racecraft ideology, dubious reasoning presupposes reality mystifies causal relation between racism. In considering how to study without reifying face studies, this article places these context, describes reproduce ideology impair theoretical inferences, then suggests counterpractices minimizing problem.

Language: Английский

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