The sponge holobiont in a changing ocean: from microbes to ecosystems

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 9, 2018

The recognition that all macroorganisms live in symbiotic association with microbial communities has opened up a new field biology. Animals, plants, and algae are now considered holobionts, complex ecosystems consisting of the host, microbiota, interactions among them. Accordingly, ecological concepts can be applied to understand host-derived processes govern dynamics interactive networks within holobiont. In marine systems, holobionts further integrated into larger more ecosystems, concept referred as "nested ecosystems." this review, we discuss dynamic interact at multiple scales respond environmental change. We focus on symbiosis sponges their communities—a resulted one most diverse environment. recent years, sponge microbiology remarkably advanced terms curated databases, standardized protocols, information functions microbiota. Like Russian doll, these translated holobiont impact surrounding ecosystem. For example, sponge-associated metabolisms, fueled by high filtering capacity substantially affect biogeochemical cycling key nutrients like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous. Since increasingly threatened anthropogenic stressors jeopardize stability ecosystem, link between perturbations, dysbiosis, diseases. Experimental studies suggest community composition is tightly linked health, but whether dysbiosis cause or consequence collapse remains unresolved. Moreover, potential role microbiome mediating for acclimate adapt change unknown. Future should aim identify mechanisms underlying scales, from develop management strategies preserve provided our present future oceans.

Language: Английский

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Metaorganisms in extreme environments: do microbes play a role in organismal adaptation?

Zoology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 127, P. 1 - 19

Published: Feb. 15, 2018

From protists to humans, all animals and plants are inhabited by microbial organisms. There is an increasing appreciation that these resident microbes influence the fitness of their plant animal hosts, ultimately forming a metaorganism consisting uni- or multicellular host community associated microorganisms. Research on host–microbe interactions has become emerging cross-disciplinary field. In both vertebrates invertebrates complex microbiome confers immunological, metabolic behavioural benefits; conversely, its disturbance can contribute development disease states. However, molecular cellular mechanisms controlling within poorly understood many key between organisms remain unknown. this perspective article, we outline some issues in interspecies particular address question how metaorganisms react adapt inputs from extreme environments such as deserts, intertidal zone, oligothrophic seas, hydrothermal vents.

Language: Английский

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40 Years of benthic community change on the Caribbean reefs of Curaçao and Bonaire: the rise of slimy cyanobacterial mats

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 36(2), P. 355 - 367

Published: Jan. 5, 2017

Language: Английский

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Reviews and syntheses: to the bottom of carbon processing at the seafloor

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 413 - 427

Published: Jan. 19, 2018

Abstract. Organic carbon processing at the seafloor is studied by biogeochemists to quantify burial and respiration, organic geochemists elucidate compositional changes ecologists follow transfers within food webs. Here I review these disciplinary approaches discuss where they agree disagree. It will be shown that biogeochemical approach (ignoring identity of organisms) ecological (focussing on growth biomass are consistent longer timescales. Secondary production microbes animals identified potentially impact composition sedimentary matter. Animals sediment in multiple ways: governing supply sediments, aeration via bio-irrigation mixing labile matter deeper layers. present an inverted microbial loop which profit from bioturbation rather than profiting otherwise lost dissolved resources. Sediments devoid fauna therefore function differently less efficient with consequence more buried transferred Vernadsky's biosphere geosphere.

Language: Английский

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Differential recycling of coral and algal dissolved organic matter via the sponge loop

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 31(3), P. 778 - 789

Published: Oct. 7, 2016

Summary Corals and macroalgae release large quantities of dissolved organic matter ( DOM ), one the largest sources produced on coral reefs. By rapidly taking up transforming it into particulate detritus, reef sponges are proposed to play a key role in transferring energy nutrients higher trophic levels via recently discovered sponge loop. released by corals algae differs quality composition, but influence these different recycling loop has not been investigated. Here, we used stable isotope pulse‐chase experiments compare processing naturally sourced coral‐ algal‐derived three Red Sea species: Chondrilla sacciformis , Hemimycale arabica Mycale fistulifera . Incubation were conducted trace 13 C‐ 15 N‐enriched tissue detritus. Incorporation C specific phospholipid‐derived fatty acids PLFA s) was differentiate assimilation within holobiont (i.e. host vs. its associated bacteria). All assimilated both incorporation rates significantly for The two also processed differently holobiont. Algal‐derived incorporated bacteria‐specific s at rate while coral‐derived more readily sponge‐specific s. A substantial fraction carbon (C) nitrogen (N) subsequently converted as detritus (15–24% 27–49% N). However, rate. uptake transformation algal‐ compared with suggest that community phase shifts from algal dominance may stimulate cycling through potential consequences biogeochemical cycles food webs.

Language: Английский

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Microbial indicators as a diagnostic tool for assessing water quality and climate stress in coral reef ecosystems

Marine Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 164(4)

Published: March 23, 2017

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary conservation of the antimicrobial function of mucus: a first defence against infection

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: June 28, 2018

Abstract Mucus layers often provide a unique and multi-functional hydrogel interface between the epithelial cells of organisms their external environment. has exceptional properties including elasticity, changeable rheology an ability to self-repair by re-annealing, is therefore ideal medium for trapping immobilising pathogens serving as barrier microbial infection. The produce functional surface mucosa was important evolutionary step, which evolved first in Cnidaria, includes corals, Ctenophora. This allowed exclusion non-commensal microbes subsequent development mucus-lined digestive cavity seen higher metazoans. fundamental architecture constituent glycoprotein mucins also evolutionarily conserved. Although understanding biochemical interactions bacteria mucus layer are goal developing new antimicrobial strategies, they remain relatively poorly understood. review summarises physicochemical importance mucus, make it so successful prevention bacterial In addition, strategies developed counteract explored.

Language: Английский

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The Emerging Ecological and Biogeochemical Importance of Sponges on Coral Reefs

Annual Review of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 315 - 337

Published: June 21, 2019

With the decline of reef-building corals on tropical reefs, sponges have emerged as an important component changing coral reef ecosystems. Seemingly simple, are highly diverse taxonomically, morphologically, and in terms their relationships with symbiotic microbes, they one nature's richest sources novel secondary metabolites. Unlike most other benthic organisms, capacity to disrupt boundary flow pump large volumes seawater into water column. This is chemically transformed it passes through sponge body a consequence feeding, excretion, activities microbial symbionts, effects carbon nutrient cycling organisms column adjacent reef. In this review, we critically evaluate developments recently dynamic research area ecology reefs provide perspective for future studies.

Language: Английский

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Environmental DNA can act as a biodiversity barometer of anthropogenic pressures in coastal ecosystems

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: May 20, 2020

Abstract Loss of biodiversity from lower to upper trophic levels reduces overall productivity and stability coastal ecosystems in our oceans, but rarely are these changes documented across both time space. The characterisation environmental DNA (eDNA) sediment seawater using metabarcoding offers a powerful molecular lens observe marine biota provides series ‘snapshots’ broad spectrum eukaryotic organisms. Using next-generation tools downstream analytical innovations including machine learning sequence assignment algorithms co-occurrence network analyses, we examined how anthropogenic pressures may have impacted on subtropical coral reefs Okinawa, Japan. Based 18 S ribosomal RNA, not ITS2 data due inconsistent amplification for this marker, as well proxies disturbance, show that richness at the family level significantly increases with medium high disturbance. This change coincides compositional changes, decrease connectedness among taxa, an increase fragmentation taxon networks, shift indicator taxa. Taken together, findings demonstrate ability eDNA act barometer disturbance provide exemplar biotic networks be by activities.

Language: Английский

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A Vicious Circle? Altered Carbon and Nutrient Cycling May Explain the Low Resilience of Caribbean Coral Reefs

BioScience, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 66(6), P. 470 - 476

Published: April 27, 2016

Coral reefs are economically important ecosystems that have suffered unprecedented losses of corals in the recent past. Why Caribbean particular transitioned to coral-depleted systems and exhibited less coral resilience? A synthesis research from diverse sources provides novel insights into reciprocal interactions among sponges, seaweeds, microbes. We propose loss resulted more abundant seaweeds release dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which is consumed by sponges. Sponges return reef but also nutrients further enhance seaweed growth. Both sponges compete for space with remaining corals, cycling alters microbial activity, negative consequences microbiome. Adding these geographic factors DOC on reefs, such as river discharge windblown dust. Relatively higher abundances absence phototrophic species suggest sponge communities adapted a different nutritional environment than present elsewhere. This sheds new light past hypotheses seeking explain disparity recovery across tropics, directions research, has implications conservation related fisheries watershed management.

Language: Английский

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