Acta Neuropathologica,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
136(1), P. 139 - 152
Published: May 12, 2018
Tracers
injected
into
CSF
pass
the
brain
alongside
arteries
and
out
again.
This
has
been
recently
termed
"glymphatic
system"
that
proposes
tracers
enter
along
periarterial
"spaces"
leave
walls
of
veins.
The
object
present
study
is
to
test
hypothesis
that:
(1)
from
cerebral
cortex
pial-glial
basement
membranes
as
there
are
no
perivascular
around
cortical
arteries,
(2)
smooth
muscle
cell
form
Intramural
Peri-Arterial
Drainage
(IPAD)
pathways
for
elimination
interstitial
fluid
solutes
brain.
2
μL
100
μM
soluble,
fluorescent
fixable
amyloid
β
(Aβ)
were
cisterna
magna
6-10
24-30
month-old
male
mice
their
brains
examined
5
30
min
later.
At
min,
immunocytochemistry
confocal
microscopy
revealed
Aβ
on
outer
aspects
colocalized
with
α-2
laminin
in
membranes.
was
colocalised
collagen
IV
corresponding
IPAD
pathways.
No
evidence
drainage
veins
found.
Measurements
depth
penetration
tracer
taken
11
regions
Maximum
depths
achieved
pons
caudoputamen.
Conclusions
drawn
separate
membrane
exit
route
which
accumulates
angiopathy
(CAA)
Alzheimer's
disease.
Results
this
suggest
may
be
a
suitable
delivery
therapies
neurological
diseases,
including
CAA.
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
39(3), P. 411 - 425
Published: Sept. 21, 2017
Smooth
muscle
cells
and
pericytes,
together
called
mural
cells,
coordinate
many
distinct
vascular
functions.
Canonically,
smooth
are
ring-shaped
cover
arterioles
with
circumferential
processes,
whereas
pericytes
extend
thin
processes
that
run
longitudinally
along
capillaries.
In
between
these
canonical
cell
types
features
of
both
pericytes.
Recent
studies
suggest
transitional
critical
for
controlling
blood
flow
to
the
capillary
bed
during
health
disease,
but
there
remains
confusion
on
how
identify
them
where
they
located
in
brain
microvasculature.
To
address
this
issue,
we
measured
morphology,
territory,
α-smooth
actin
content
structurally
diverse
adult
mouse
cortex.
We
first
imaged
intact
3D
networks
establish
locations
major
gradations
appearance
as
branched
into
then
individual
occupying
regions
within
gradations.
This
revealed
two
were
often
similar
appearance,
sharply
contrasting
levels
actin.
Our
findings
highlight
diversity
morphologies
microvasculature,
provide
guidance
identification
categorization
types.
Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
375(6584)
Published: Jan. 27, 2022
Cerebrovascular
diseases
are
a
leading
cause
of
death
and
neurologic
disability.
Further
understanding
disease
mechanisms
therapeutic
strategies
requires
deeper
knowledge
cerebrovascular
cells
in
humans.
We
profiled
transcriptomes
181,388
to
define
cell
atlas
the
adult
human
cerebrovasculature,
including
endothelial
molecular
signatures
with
arteriovenous
segmentation
expanded
perivascular
diversity.
By
leveraging
this
reference,
we
investigated
cellular
perturbations
brain
malformations,
which
stroke
young
people,
identified
pathologic
transformations
abnormal
vascular
patterning
ontology
vascularly
derived
inflammation.
illustrate
interplay
between
immune
that
contributes
hemorrhage
catalog
opportunities
for
targeting
angiogenic
inflammatory
programs
malformations.
Alzheimer s Research & Therapy,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Dec. 1, 2020
COVID-19
is
primarily
a
respiratory
disease
but
up
to
two
thirds
of
hospitalised
patients
show
evidence
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
damage,
predominantly
ischaemic,
in
some
cases
haemorrhagic
and
occasionally
encephalitic.
It
unclear
how
much
the
ischaemic
damage
mediated
by
direct
or
inflammatory
effects
virus
on
CNS
vasculature
secondary
extracranial
cardiorespiratory
disease.
Limited
data
suggest
that
causative
SARS-CoV-2
may
enter
via
nasal
mucosa
olfactory
fibres,
haematogenous
spread,
capable
infecting
endothelial
cells,
pericytes
probably
neurons.
Extracranially,
targets
cells
pericytes,
causing
cell
dysfunction,
vascular
leakage
immune
activation,
sometimes
leading
disseminated
intravascular
coagulation.
remains
be
confirmed
whether
cerebral
are
similarly
targeted.
Several
aspects
likely
impact
cognition.
Cerebral
white
matter
particularly
vulnerable
also
critically
important
for
cognitive
function.
There
accumulating
hypoperfusion
accelerates
amyloid-β
(Aβ)
accumulation
linked
tau
TDP-43
pathology,
inducing
phosphorylation
α-synuclein
at
serine-129,
ischaemia
increase
risk
development
Lewy
body
Current
therapies
understandably
focused
supporting
function,
preventing
thrombosis
reducing
activation.
Since
angiotensin-converting
enzyme
(ACE)-2
receptor
SARS-CoV-2,
ACE
inhibitors
angiotensin
blockers
predicted
ACE-2
expression,
it
was
initially
feared
their
use
might
exacerbate
COVID-19.
Recent
meta-analyses
have
instead
suggested
these
medications
protective.
This
perhaps
because
entry
deplete
ACE-2,
tipping
balance
towards
II-ACE-1-mediated
classical
RAS
activation:
exacerbating
promoting
inflammation.
relevant
APOE
ε4
individuals,
who
seem
increased
COVID-19,
lowest
activity.
leave
an
unexpected
legacy
long-term
neurological
complications
significant
number
survivors.
Cognitive
follow-up
will
important,
especially
develop
cerebrovascular
during
acute
illness.
Genes & Development,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
32(7-8), P. 466 - 478
Published: April 1, 2018
The
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
restricts
free
access
of
molecules
between
the
blood
and
brain
is
essential
for
regulating
neural
microenvironment.
Here,
we
describe
how
BBB
was
initially
characterized
current
field
evaluates
properties.
We
next
detail
cellular
nature
discuss
both
conservation
variation
function
across
taxa.
Finally,
examine
our
understanding
mouse
zebrafish
model
systems,
as
expect
that
comparison
organisms
will
provide
insight
into
human
under
normal
physiological
conditions
in
neurological
diseases.
Acta Neuropathologica,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
136(4), P. 507 - 523
Published: Aug. 10, 2018
Many
central
nervous
system
diseases
currently
lack
effective
treatment
and
are
often
associated
with
defects
in
microvascular
function,
including
a
failure
to
match
the
energy
supplied
by
blood
used
on
neuronal
computation,
or
breakdown
of
blood–brain
barrier.
Pericytes,
an
under-studied
cell
type
located
capillaries,
crucial
importance
regulating
diverse
functions,
such
as
angiogenesis,
barrier,
capillary
flow
movement
immune
cells
into
brain.
They
also
form
part
"glial"
scar
isolating
damaged
parts
CNS,
may
have
stem
cell-like
properties.
Recent
studies
suggested
that
pericytes
play
role
neurological
diseases,
thus
therapeutic
target
disorders
stroke,
traumatic
brain
injury,
migraine,
epilepsy,
spinal
cord
diabetes,
Huntington's
disease,
Alzheimer's
multiple
sclerosis,
glioma,
radiation
necrosis
amyotrophic
lateral
sclerosis.
Here
we
report
recent
advances
our
understanding
pericyte
biology
discuss
how
could
be
targeted
develop
novel
approaches
disorders,
increasing
flow,
preserving
barrier
entry
modulating
formation
vessels
in,
glial
around,
regions.
