Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: April 14, 2020
Pericytes
are
unique,
multi-functional
mural
cells
localized
at
the
abluminal
side
of
perivascular
space
in
microvessels.
Originally
discovered
nineteenth
century,
pericytes
had
drawn
less
attention
until
decades
ago
mainly
due
to
lack
specific
markers.
Recently,
however,
a
growing
body
evidence
has
revealed
that
play
various
important
roles:
development
and
maintenance
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB),
regulation
neurovascular
system
(e.g.,
vascular
stability,
vessel
formation,
cerebral
blood
flow,
etc.),
trafficking
inflammatory
cells,
clearance
toxic
waste
products
from
brain,
acquisition
stem
cell-like
properties.
In
unit,
perform
these
functions
through
coordinated
crosstalk
with
neighboring
including
endothelial,
glial,
neuronal
cells.
Dysfunction
contribute
wide
variety
diseases
lead
cognitive
impairments
such
as
small
disease
(SVD),
acute
stroke,
Alzheimer’s
(AD),
other
neurological
disorders.
For
instance,
SVDs,
pericyte
degeneration
leads
microvessel
instability
demyelination
while
constriction
after
ischemia
causes
no-reflow
phenomenon
brain
capillaries.
AD,
which
shares
some
common
risk
factors
dementia,
reduction
coverage
subsequent
microvascular
observed
association
white
matter
attenuation
impaired
cognition.
Pericyte
loss
BBB-breakdown,
stagnates
amyloid
β
leakage
neurotoxic
molecules
into
parenchyma.
this
review,
we
first
summarize
characteristics
pericytes,
their
roles
central
nervous
system.
Then,
focus
on
how
dysfunctional
pathogenesis
impairment
‘small
vessel’
‘large
diseases,
well
AD.
Finally,
discuss
therapeutic
implications
for
disorders
by
targeting
pericytes.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: Dec. 16, 2020
Chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)
T
cells
provide
new
therapeutic
options
for
patients
with
relapsed/refractory
hematologic
malignancies.
However,
neurotoxicity
is
a
frequent,
and
potentially
fatal,
complication.
The
spectrum
of
manifestations
ranges
from
delirium
language
dysfunction
to
seizures,
coma,
fatal
cerebral
edema.
This
novel
syndrome
has
been
designated
immune
effector
cell-associated
(ICANS).
In
this
review,
we
draw
an
arc
our
current
understanding
how
systemic
local
cytokine
release
act
on
the
CNS,
toward
possible
preventive
approaches.
We
systematically
review
reported
correlations
secreted
inflammatory
mediators
in
serum/plasma
cerebrospinal
fluid
risk
ICANS
receiving
CAR
cell
therapy.
Possible
pathophysiologic
impacts
CNS
are
covered
detail
most
promising
candidate
cytokines,
including
IL-1,
IL-6,
IL-15,
GM-CSF.
To
insight
into
final
common
pathways
inflammation,
place
context
other
conditions
that
associated
neurologic
dysfunction,
sepsis-associated
encephalopathy,
malaria,
thrombotic
microangiopathy,
infections,
hepatic
encephalopathy.
then
what
known
about
interaction
components
neurovascular
unit,
endothelial
cells,
pericytes,
astrocytes,
microglia
neurons
respond
challenges.
Current
approaches,
corticosteroids
blockade
IL-1
IL-6
signaling,
reviewed
role
cytokines
ICANS.
Throughout,
point
out
gaps
knowledge
approaches
investigation
mechanism,
prevention,
treatment
