Cell Densities in the Mouse Brain: A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 23, 2018

The mouse brain is the most extensively studied of all species. We performed an exhaustive review literature to establish our current state knowledge on cell numbers in regions, arguably fundamental property measure when attempting understand a brain. synthesized information, collected one place, can be used by both theorists and experimentalists. Although for commonly-studied regions densities could obtained principal types, overall we know very little about how many cells are present even less cell-type specific densities. There also substantial variation density values from different sources. This suggests that need new approach obtain datasets

Language: Английский

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One Is Not Enough: Understanding and Modeling Polysubstance Use

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 16, 2020

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease with highly multifaceted pathology that includes (but not limited to) sensitivity to drug-associated cues, negative affect, and motivation maintain drug consumption. SUDs are prevalent, 35 million people meeting criteria for SUD. While addiction studied, most investigations of examine in isolation, rather than the more prevalent context comorbid substance histories. Indeed, 11.3% individuals diagnosed SUD have concurrent alcohol illicit disorders. Furthermore, having one increases susceptibility developing dependence on additional substances. For example, increased risk heroin twofold misusers, threefold cannabis users, 15-fold cocaine 40-fold prescription misusers. Given prevalence associated polysubstance current public health crises, examining these disorders through lens co-use essential translatability improved treatment efficacy. The escalating economic social costs continued rise has spurred interest preclinical models effectively model this phenomenon. Here, we review state field understanding behavioral neural circuitry common pairings alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, other addictive Moreover, outline key considerations when models, including challenges provide insights improve outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Striatal Local Circuitry: A New Framework for Lateral Inhibition

Neuron, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 96(2), P. 267 - 284

Published: Oct. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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The molecular and cellular mechanisms of depression: a focus on reward circuitry

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 24(12), P. 1798 - 1815

Published: April 9, 2019

Language: Английский

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Striatal synapses, circuits, and Parkinson's disease

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 48, P. 9 - 16

Published: Aug. 24, 2017

Language: Английский

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Cell-Type-Specific Afferent Innervation of the Nucleus Accumbens Core and Shell

Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 16, 2018

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is clearly implicated in reward processing and drug addiction, as well numerous neurological psychiatric disorders; nevertheless, the circuit mechanisms underlying diverse functions of NAc remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized whole-brain monosynaptic inputs to two main projection cell types - D1 dopamine receptor expressing medium spiny neurons (D1R-MSNs) D2 (D2R-MSNs) within core shell by rabies-mediated trans-synaptic tracing. We discovered that D1R-MSNs D2R-MSNs both subregions receive similar from sources. Inputs are broadly scattered, whereas relatively concentrated. Furthermore, identified brain areas providing important contrasting different subregions. anterior cortex preferentially innervates for D2R-MSNs, lateral hypothalamic area (LH) targets shell. Characterizing cell-type-specific connectivity lays a foundation studying how mediated specific pathways.

Language: Английский

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Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson’s disease

Journal of Neural Transmission, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 126(4), P. 411 - 422

Published: April 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Understanding multifactorial architecture of Parkinson’s disease: pathophysiology to management

Neurological Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 40(1), P. 13 - 23

Published: Sept. 29, 2018

Language: Английский

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Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder updates

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 21, 2022

Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental that commonly occurs in children with prevalence ranging from 3.4 to 7.2%. It profoundly affects academic achievement, well-being, and social interactions. As result, this of high cost both individuals society. Despite the availability knowledge regarding mechanisms ADHD, pathogenesis not clear, hence, existence many challenges especially making correct early diagnosis provision accurate management.We aimed review pathogenic pathways ADHD children. The major focus was provide an update on reported etiologies humans, animal models, modulators, therapies, mechanisms, epigenetic changes, interaction between genetic environmental factors.References for were identified through systematic search PubMed by using special keywords all years until January 2022.Several genes have been associate ADHD: DRD1, DRD2, DRD4, DAT1, TPH2, HTR1A, HTR1B, SLC6A4, HTR2A, DBH, NET1, ADRA2A, ADRA2C, CHRNA4, CHRNA7, GAD1, GRM1, GRM5, GRM7, GRM8, TARBP1, ADGRL3, FGF1, MAOA, BDNF, SNAP25, STX1A, ATXN7, SORCS2. Some these evidence human beings while others either humans or models only. Notably, most are knockout do generate alteration patients. Besides, some gene polymorphisms differ according ethnic groups. majority available related dopaminergic pathway. Epigenetic changes including SUMOylation, methylation, acetylation pathway.The pathway remains be crucial ADHD. can affected factors other pathways. Nevertheless, it still unclear how relate neurotransmitter pathways; thus, more studies needed. Although several there few model genes, they More required.

Language: Английский

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Striatal synaptic adaptations in Parkinson's disease

Neurobiology of Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 167, P. 105686 - 105686

Published: March 8, 2022

The striatum is densely innervated by mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons that modulate acquisition and vigor of goal-directed actions habits. This innervation progressively lost in Parkinson's disease (PD), contributing to the defining movement deficits disease. Although boosting signaling with levodopa early course alleviates these deficits, later this strategy leads emergence debilitating dyskinesia. Here, recent advances our understanding how striatal cells circuits adapt progressive de-innervation therapy are discussed. First, we discuss dopamine (DA) depletion triggers cell type-specific, homeostatic changes spiny projection (SPNs) tend normalize activity but also lead disruption synaptic architecture sculpted experience. Second, roles played cholinergic nitric oxide-releasing interneurons adaptations. Third, examine work freely moving mice suggesting alterations spatiotemporal dynamics ensembles contributes PD deficits. Lastly, recently published evidence from a model contrary classical model, pathway imbalance necessary not sufficient produce frank parkinsonism.

Language: Английский

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