The plastic brain: neurotoxicity of micro- and nanoplastics

Particle and Fibre Toxicology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: June 8, 2020

Given the global abundance and environmental persistence, exposure of humans (aquatic) animals to micro- nanoplastics is unavoidable. Current evidence indicates that can be taken up by aquatic organism as well mammals. Upon uptake, reach brain, although there limited information regarding number particles reaches brain potential neurotoxicity these small plastic particles.Earlier studies indicated metal metal-oxide nanoparticles, such gold (Au) titanium dioxide (TiO2) also exert a range neurotoxic effects. similarities between chemically inert metal(oxide) nanoparticles particles, this review aims provide an overview reported effects in different species vitro. The combined data, fragmentary, indicate induce oxidative stress, potentially resulting cellular damage increased vulnerability develop neuronal disorders. Additionally, result inhibition acetylcholinesterase activity altered neurotransmitter levels, which both may contribute behavioral changes.Currently, systematic comparison particle types, shapes, sizes at concentrations durations lacking, but urgently needed further elucidate hazard risk nanoplastics.

Language: Английский

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Analysis of Microplastics in Human Feces Reveals a Correlation between Fecal Microplastics and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Status

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 56(1), P. 414 - 421

Published: Dec. 22, 2021

Human ingestion of microplastics (MPs) is inevitable due to the ubiquity MPs in various foods and drinking water. Whether poses a substantial risk human health far from understood. Here, by analyzing characteristics feces patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) healthy people, for first time, we found that fecal MP concentration IBD (41.8 items/g dm) was significantly higher than people (28.0 dm). In total, 15 types were detected feces, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (22.3–34.0%) polyamide (8.9–12.4%) being dominant, their primary shapes sheets fibers, respectively. We present evidence indicating positive correlation exists between severity IBD. Combining questionnaire survey MPs, conclude plastic packaging water food dust exposure are important sources MPs. Furthermore, status suggests may be related process or exacerbates retention The relative mechanisms deserve further studies. Our results also highlight useful assessing potential risks.

Language: Английский

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Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature

Particle and Fibre Toxicology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Nov. 12, 2020

Abstract Background Together with poor biodegradability and insufficient recycling, the massive production use of plastics have led to widespread environmental contamination by nano- microplastics. These particles accumulate across ecosystems - even in most remote habitats are transferred through food chains, leading inevitable human ingestion, that adds highest one due processes packaging. Objective The present review aimed at providing a comprehensive overview current knowledge regarding effects microplastics on intestinal homeostasis. Methods We conducted literature search focused vivo gut epithelium microbiota, as well immune response. Results Numerous animal studies shown exposure leads impairments oxidative inflammatory balance, disruption gut’s epithelial permeability. Other notable microplastic include dysbiosis (changes microbiota) cell toxicity. Moreover, contain additives, adsorb contaminants, may promote growth bacterial pathogens their surfaces: they potential carriers toxicants can potentially lead further adverse effects. Conclusion Despite scarcity reports directly relevant human, this brings together growing body evidence showing disturbs microbiota critical functions. Such development chronic disorders. Further investigation threat health is warranted.

Language: Английский

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Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics: Examination of biomarkers, current state and future perspectives

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 111, P. 37 - 46

Published: Dec. 11, 2018

Language: Английский

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Uptake and effects of orally ingested polystyrene microplastic particles in vitro and in vivo

Archives of Toxicology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 93(7), P. 1817 - 1833

Published: May 28, 2019

Language: Английский

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