Nanomaterials: a review of synthesis methods, properties, recent progress, and challenges

Materials Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(6), P. 1821 - 1871

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Nanomaterials have emerged as an amazing class of materials that consists a broad spectrum examples with at least one dimension in the range 1 to 100 nm.

Language: Английский

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Recent progress made in the mechanism comprehension and design of electrocatalysts for alkaline water splitting

Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 2620 - 2645

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Alkaline water splitting is an attractive method for sustainable hydrogen production.

Language: Английский

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Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Electrolytes: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Prospective Solutions

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 5(2)

Published: Nov. 10, 2017

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline medium is currently a point of focus for sustainable development hydrogen as an alternative clean fuel various energy systems, but suffers from sluggish kinetics due to additional water dissociation step. So, the state-of-the-art catalysts performing well acidic media lose considerable catalytic performance media. This review summarizes recent developments overcome issues HER, synthesis materials with modified morphologies, and electronic structures tune active sites their applications efficient HER. It first explains fundamentals electrochemistry HER then outlines requirements stable catalyst medium. The challenges limitation electrocatalysts along prospective solutions are highlighted. further describes methods advanced nanostructures based on carbon, noble, inexpensive metals heterogeneous structures. These provide some ideal systems analyzing role structure synergy catalysis. At end, it provides concluding remarks future perspectives that can be helpful tuning active-sites improved electrochemical efficiencies future.

Language: Английский

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Nanoarchitectonics for Transition‐Metal‐Sulfide‐Based Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 31(17)

Published: Feb. 21, 2019

Abstract Heterogenous electrocatalysts based on transition metal sulfides (TMS) are being actively explored in renewable energy research because nanostructured forms support high intrinsic activities for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen (OER). Herein, it is described how researchers working to improve performance of TMS‐based materials by manipulating their internal external nanoarchitectures. A general introduction water‐splitting initially provided explain most important parameters accessing catalytic nanomaterials catalysts. Later, synthetic methods used prepare explained order delve into various strategies achieve higher electrocatalytic HER. Complementary can be increase OER TMS, resulting bifunctional HER OER. Finally, current challenges future opportunities TMS context water splitting summarized. The aim herein provide insights gathered process studying describe valuable guidelines engineering other kinds nanomaterial catalysts conversion storage technologies.

Language: Английский

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Hydrogen production from water electrolysis: role of catalysts

Nano Convergence, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Feb. 11, 2021

As a promising substitute for fossil fuels, hydrogen has emerged as clean and renewable energy. A key challenge is the efficient production of to meet commercial-scale demand hydrogen. Water splitting electrolysis pathway achieve in terms energy conversion storage which catalysis or electrocatalysis plays critical role. The development active, stable, low-cost catalysts electrocatalysts an essential prerequisite achieving desired electrocatalytic from water practical use, constitutes central focus this review. It will start with introduction performance evaluation various activity, stability, efficiency. This be followed by outlining current knowledge on two half-cell reactions, evolution reaction (HER) oxygen (OER), mechanisms alkaline acidic media. Recent advances design preparation nanostructured noble-metal non-noble metal-based discussed. New strategies insights exploring synergistic structure, morphology, composition, active sites increasing activity stability HER OER highlighted. Finally, future challenges perspectives robust towards also outlined.

Language: Английский

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Hierarchical Nanoassembly of MoS₂/Co₉S₈/Ni₃S₂/Ni as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting in a Wide pH Range

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 141(26), P. 10417 - 10430

Published: June 6, 2019

The design of low-cost yet high-efficiency electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen (OER) over a wide pH range is highly challenging. We now report hierarchical co-assembly interacting MoS2 Co9S8 nanosheets attached on Ni3S2 nanorod arrays which are supported nickel foam (NF). This tiered structure endows high performance toward HER OER very broad range. By adjusting the molar ratio Co:Mo precursors, we have created CoMoNiS-NF- xy composites ( x: y means ratios ranging from 5:1 to 1:3) with controllable morphology composition. three-dimensional an abundance active sites capable universal catalytic activity. CoMoNiS-NF-31 demonstrates best electrocatalytic activity, giving ultralow overpotentials (113, 103, 117 mV 166, 228, 405 OER) achieve current density 10 mA cm-2 in alkaline, acidic, neutral electrolytes, respectively. It also shows remarkable balance between activity stability. Based distinguished OER, demonstrate two-electrode electrolyzer performing water electrolysis range, low cell voltages 1.54, 1.45, 1.80 V at media, First-principles calculations suggest that arises electron transfer interface, alters binding energies adsorbed species decreases overpotentials. Our results metal sulfides can serve as efficient all-pH (pH = 0-14) overall splitting.

Language: Английский

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Mixed Metal Sulfides for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(3)

Published: Sept. 21, 2017

Abstract Mixed metal sulfides (MMSs) have attracted increased attention as promising electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems including lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), sodium‐ion (SIBs), hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs), metal–air (MABs), water splitting. Compared with monometal sulfides, MMSs exhibit greatly enhanced performance, which is largely originated from their higher electronic conductivity richer redox reactions. In this review, recent progresses in the rational design synthesis of diverse MMS‐based micro/nanostructures controlled morphologies, sizes, compositions LIBs, SIBs, HSCs, MABs, splitting are summarized. particular, nanostructuring, nanocomposites carbonaceous fabrication 3D electrodes demonstrated to be three effective approaches improving performance materials. Furthermore, some potential challenges well prospects discussed further advance development next‐generation systems.

Language: Английский

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Morphology‐Controlled Metal Sulfides and Phosphides for Electrochemical Water Splitting

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 31(14)

Published: Feb. 1, 2019

Abstract Because H 2 is considered a promising clean energy source, water electrolysis has attracted great interest in related research and technology. Noble‐metal‐based catalysts are used as electrode materials electrolyzers, but their high cost low abundance have impeded them from being practical areas. Recently, metal sulfides phosphides based on earth‐abundant transition metals emerged candidates for efficient water‐splitting catalysts. Most studies focused adjusting the composition of to enhance catalytic performance. However, morphology control catalysts, including faceted hollow structures, much less explored these systems because difficulties synthesis, which requires deep understanding nanocrystal growth process. Herein, representative synthetic methods morphology‐controlled introduced provide insights into methodologies. The electrolytic performance sulfide‐ phosphide‐based nanocatalysts with enhanced surface area intrinsically activity also summarized future directions this catalyst group discussed.

Language: Английский

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Plasma‐Assisted Synthesis and Surface Modification of Electrode Materials for Renewable Energy

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 30(21)

Published: Feb. 14, 2018

Abstract Renewable energy technology has been considered as a “MUST” option to lower the use of fossil fuels for industry and daily life. Designing critical sophisticated materials is great importance in order realize high‐performance technology. Typically, efficient synthesis soft surface modification nanomaterials are important Therefore, there increasing demands on rational design electrocatalysts or electrode materials, which key scalable practical electrochemical devices. Nevertheless, development versatile cheap strategies one main challenges achieve aforementioned goals. Accordingly, plasma recently appeared an extremely promising alternative Here, recent progress nonthermal highlighted advanced renewable including fuel cells, water splitting, metal–air batteries, batteries supercapacitors, etc.

Language: Английский

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MXene: an emerging two-dimensional material for future energy conversion and storage applications

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 5(47), P. 24564 - 24579

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

The development of two-dimensional (2D) high-performance electrode materials is the key to new advances in fields energy conversion and storage. MXenes, a intriguing family 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, carbonitrides, have recently received considerable attention due their unique combination properties such as high electrical conductivity, hydrophilic nature, excellent thermal stability, large interlayer spacing, easily tunable structure, surface area. In this review, we discuss how MXenes emerged efficient economical nanomaterials for future applications. We highlight promising potential these storage applications, water electrolyzers, lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors. Finally, present an outlook sustainable technologies.

Language: Английский

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