Evaluation of commercial nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane filtration to remove per‐and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Effects of transmembrane pressures and water matrices DOI
Qingquan Ma, Qian Lei, Fangzhou Liu

et al.

Water Environment Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(2)

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Abstract Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are now widely found in aquatic ecosystems, including sources of drinking water portable water, due to their increasing prevalence. Among different PFAS treatment or separation technologies, nanofiltration (NF) reverse osmosis (RO) both yield high rejection efficiencies (>95%) diverse water; however, technologies affected by many intrinsic extrinsic factors. This study evaluated the carbon chain length (e.g., PFOA PFBA) two commercial RO NF membranes under operational conditions applied pressure initial concentration) feed solution matrixes, such as pH (4–10), salinity (0‐ 1000‐mM NaCl), organic matters (0–10 mM). We further performed principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrate interrelationships molecular weight (213–499 g·mol −1 ), membrane characteristics (RO NF), matrices, on rejection. Our results confirmed that size exclusion is a primary mechanism NF, well fact electrostatic interactions important when molecules have sizes less than pores. Practitioner Points Two were remove 10 PFAS. High transmembrane pressures facilitated permeate recovery RO. Electrostatic repulsion pore dominant mechanisms for removal. pH, ionic strength, Mechanisms with RO/NF explained PCA analysis.

Language: Английский

Environmental Source Tracking of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances within a Forensic Context: Current and Future Techniques DOI
Joseph A. Charbonnet, Alix E. Rodowa, Nayantara T. Joseph

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 55(11), P. 7237 - 7245

Published: May 13, 2021

The source tracking of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is a new increasingly necessary subfield within environmental forensics. We define PFAS as the accurate characterization differentiation multiple sources contributing to contamination in environment. should employ analytical measurements, multivariate analyses, an understanding fate transport framework conceptual site model. Converging lines evidence used differentiate include: identification PFASs strongly associated with unique sources; ratios homologues, classes, isomers at contaminated site; site's hydrogeochemical conditions. As field progresses, development standards wider availability high-resolution mass spectral data will enhance currently available capabilities. In addition, computational tools, including unsupervised (i.e., exploratory) supervised predictive) machine learning techniques, may lead novel insights that targeted list be useful for tracking. this Perspective, we identify current tools principal developments enable greater confidence apportion sources.

Language: Английский

Citations

70
Analyses of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through the urban water cycle: Toward achieving an integrated analytical workflow across aqueous, solid, and gaseous matrices in water and wastewater treatment DOI Creative Commons
Lloyd J. Winchell, Martha J.M. Wells, John J. Ross

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 774, P. 145257 - 145257

Published: Jan. 22, 2021

Our knowledge of PFAS fate and transport in the urban water cycle between treatment plants (WTPs) wastewater (WWTPs) is dependent upon analytical methodology. To conduct a mass balance through these engineered systems, environmental chemistry must be leveraged to quantify various media that facilities. Although balances have been attempted across unit processes for small selection WTPs WWTPs, system-wide are daunting challenge not achieved date. The continued existence legacy constantly moving target newly emerging commercial transformation products (TPs), addition complications resulting from bias-free collection uncontaminated samples parts-per-trillion (ppt) range, complicate balance. Further compounding diverse universe which consists polar/nonpolar, nonvolatile/semi-volatile/volatile, neutral/anionic/cationic/zwitterionic chemicals. physicochemical properties chemicals, they exist, drive appropriate procedures provide accurate precise quantification compounds. current state science development methods specific subgroups families limited matrices. Here, approaches integrate workflows types proposed. In this evaluation, multi-platform targeted, suspect/non-targeted, surrogate screening combining promulgated standardized presented. Synthesis comprehensive workflow aspires achieve gaseous, solid, aqueous matrices encountered WWTPs Finally, research data gaps future needs also discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

66
Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Outdoor and Indoor Dust from Mainland China: Contributions of Unknown Precursors and Implications for Human Exposure DOI
Bin Wang, Yiming Yao, Yu Wang

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 56(10), P. 6036 - 6045

Published: March 26, 2021

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were analyzed in outdoor (n = 101) indoor dust 43, 38 paired with outdoors) samples across mainland China. From 2013 to 2017, the median concentration of ∑PFASs tripled from 63 164 ng/g an elevated contribution trifluoroacetic acid 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol. In levels range 185–913 ng/g, which generally higher than (105–321 ng/g). Emerging PFASs found at high 5.7–97 both samples. As first revealed by total oxidized precursors assay, unknown perfluoroalkyl (PFAA)-precursors contributed 37–67 mol % PFAS profiles A great proportion C8 PFAA-precursors for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, while C6 C4 mostly based. Furthermore, daily perfluorooctanoic (PFOA) equivalent intakes PFAAs (C4–C12) mixtures via estimated 1.3–1.5 ng/kg b.w./d toddlers scenarios, exceeds derived threshold 0.63 b.w./d. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). On this basis, underestimation 56%–69% likely remains without considering potential risks due biotransformation PFAA-precursors.

Language: Английский

Citations

60
Exploring unknown per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the German environment – The total oxidizable precursor assay as helpful tool in research and regulation DOI Creative Commons

Bernd Göckener,

Annette Fliedner, Heinz Rüdel

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 782, P. 146825 - 146825

Published: March 29, 2021

Limnetic, marine and soil samples of the German environmental specimen bank (ESB) were analyzed for per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) using target analysis a modified total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay (direct TOP (dTOP)) that works without prior extraction. Target determined ∑PFAS concentrations in bream livers 8.7–282 μg kg−1 wet weight (ww) 2019, with highest contaminations Rhine lower Elbe. In fillet, (<0.5–10.6 ∑PFAS). Contamination suspended particulate matter (SPM) was upper Elbe downstream Czech border (5.5 dry (dw) 2018). Herring gull eggs from North Baltic Seas showed levels around 53.0–69.6 ww 2019. soil, ranged between <0.5 4.6 dw Dueben Heath near Leipzig low mountain range Solling. PFOS dominated most samples. Of targeted precursors, only FOSA, EtFOSAA, MeFOSAA, 6:2-FtS 6:2 diPAP found. Replacement chemicals (ADONA, HFPO-DA, F-53B) not detected. The dTOP revealed considerable amounts precursors present at riverine sampling sites. Particularly high observed Upper Middle Rhine. herring samples, though, low. Time trend decreasing trends detected PFAS since 2005. SPM, however, C4-C6 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids seem to increase indicating growing use based on shorter fluorinated chains. results demonstrate detects minor fraction burdens can support risk assessment chemical monitoring more comprehensive exposure data actual contamination.

Language: Английский

Citations

57
Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Landfills: Occurrence, Transformation and Treatment DOI Creative Commons
Man Zhang,

Xianda Zhao,

Dongye Zhao

et al.

Waste Management, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 155, P. 162 - 178

Published: Nov. 12, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

49
Photodegradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water: A review of fundamentals and applications DOI
Fuqiang Liu, Xiaohong Guan, Feng Xiao

et al.

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 439, P. 129580 - 129580

Published: July 16, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

48
Critical review on phytoremediation of polyfluoroalkyl substances from environmental matrices: Need for global concern DOI

Elaheh Kavusi,

Behnaz Shahi Khalaf Ansar,

Samira Ebrahimi

et al.

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 217, P. 114844 - 114844

Published: Nov. 18, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

44
Effects of water matrix on per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) treatment: Physical-separation and degradation processes – A review DOI Creative Commons
Fatemeh Asadi Zeidabadi, Ehsan Banayan Esfahani, Madjid Mohseni

et al.

Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10, P. 100322 - 100322

Published: May 1, 2023

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have emerged as contaminants of great concern that are ubiquitously detected in natural aquatic environments. Strict health advisories regulations triggered development several treatment processes to remove or degrade PFAS. However, the main challenge affects implementation both physical-separation degradation real world applications is quality water be treated. Organic inorganic constituents, defining quality, accompany PFAS influent processes. Thus, this article aims provide a detailed review impacts such constituents on (i.e., carbon-based, natural, synthetic adsorbents, ion-exchange resins, membranes) sonolysis, photochemical, electrochemical, heat-activated persulfate, plasma-based treatment, ionizing radiation) Depending mechanisms, solutes shown inhibitory, promotive, neutral effects treatment. This elucidates matrix largely dependent (1) organic matters characteristics (e.g., molecular weight, aromaticity, functional groups), (2) operational parameters type resin, anode material, surface charge solution pH), (3) properties chain length group). The information data presented here beneficial from theoretical practical perspectives for degradation.

Language: Английский

Citations

34
70 analyte PFAS test method highlights need for expanded testing of PFAS in drinking water DOI Creative Commons
Katherine E. Pelch,

Taryn McKnight,

Anna Reade

et al.

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 876, P. 162978 - 162978

Published: April 12, 2023

In this community-led pilot study we sought to investigate the utility of expanded per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) testing for drinking water, using a targeted analysis 70 PFAS Total Oxidizable Precursor (TOP) Assay which can indicate presence precursor PFAS. were detected in 30 out 44 water samples across 16 states; 15 would exceed US EPA's proposed maximum contaminant levels six Twenty-six unique identified, including 12 not covered by either EPA Methods 537.1 or 533. An ultrashort chain PFAS, PFPrA, had highest frequency detection, occurring 24 samples. It was also reported at concentration these We created data filter model how be under upcoming fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR5) requirements. All with quantified test one more present that captured if UCMR5 reporting requirements followed. Our suggests will likely underreport due limited coverage higher minimum limits. Results inconclusive on TOP monitoring water. The results from provide important information community participants regarding their current exposure. addition, suggest gaps need addressed regulatory scientific communities, particular, development sensitive, broad spectrum test, further investigation into

Language: Английский

Citations

33
A Critical Review on PFAS Removal from Water: Removal Mechanism and Future Challenges DOI Open Access
Rabia Amen, Alhassan Ibrahim, Waqar Shafqat

et al.

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(23), P. 16173 - 16173

Published: Nov. 21, 2023

Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been extensively employed in a broad range of manufacturing consumer goods due to their highly persistent nature. PFAS exposure is recognized pose serious health hazards; therefore, addressing pollution water has become top priority for public environmental protection organizations. This review article focuses on the efficiency different removal techniques (activated carbon, biochar, ion exchange resin, membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, metal-organic frameworks, foam fractionation, ozone destruction techniques) eliminating types short- long-chain from water. Hydrophobicity electrostatic interactions are revealed be primary mechanisms elimination PFAS. The all eradicate short-chain comparatively lower compared most efficient but some drawbacks, including formation precursors high operational costs. According findings study, it anticipated that combined methods will required effectively remediate PFAS-contaminated

Language: Английский

Citations

30