Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
8, P. 7 - 27
Published: Feb. 3, 2025
Adipose
tissue
has
morphological
heterogeneity.
Currently,
five
types
of
fat
cells
are
known:
white,
beige,
brown,
yellow
and
pink
adipocytes.
In
the
future,
we
will
consider
beige
brown
The
main
pathological
role
in
development
obesity
a
number
other
metabolic
diseases
is
played
by
white
adipose
tissue.
function
energy
storage
adipocytes
well
known.
However,
conditions,
mass
can
increase
significantly,
amounting
to
more
than
70%
total
body
weight.
addition,
prone
inflammation
production
biologically
active
substances
-
adipokines.
Many
adipokines
negatively
affect
musculoskeletal
bone
tissues,
exacerbate
systemic
chronic
severity
polymorbid
pathology.
At
same
time,
tissue,
due
its
pronounced
ability
heat
(thermogenesis),
protective
properties.
Activation
stimulation
transformation
into
ones
(the
so-called
“browning”)
with
help
physical
activity,
medications
dietary
supplements
seems
promising.
These
methods
be
successfully
used
combat
overweight
obesity.
modern
advances
genetics
transplantology
allow
us
hope
for
future
use
adipocyte
transplantation
patients
who
suffer
from
severe
Research
on
interrelationships
muscles,
cardiovascular,
nervous,
endocrine
systems
continue.
Undoubtedly,
there
many
interesting
scientific
discoveries
made
medical
science.
Food & Function,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12(15), P. 6712 - 6724
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
Branched
chain
amino
acids
(BCAA),
especially
leucine
(Leu),
have
been
reported
to
decrease
fat
deposition.
However,
opposite
effects
of
BCAA
on
lipid
metabolism
observed.
To
determine
the
role
in
metabolism,
an
acid-defined
diet
was
formulated
and
C57BL/6J
mice
were
assigned
into
following
groups:
control
supplemented
with
Leu,
isoleucine,
or
valine.
Nitrogen
balanced
by
proportionally
mixed
except
BCAA.
Results
showed
that
dietary
Leu
supplementation
significantly
increased
levels
serum
triglycerides,
total
cholesterol,
low-density
lipoprotein-cholesterol,
high-density
lipoprotein-cholesterol
urea
nitrogen.
Metabolomics
biosynthesis
unsaturated
fatty
altered
supplementation.
treatment
up-regulated
expression
genes
related
synthesis
down-regulated
acid
synthesis.
Furthermore,
proteins
selective
markers
involved
browning
white
adipose
tissue
(WAT)
Leu.
This
study
indicated
but
not
isoleucine
valine,
affected
regulating
metabolism-related
concentration,
providing
a
new
tool
management
obesity
metabolic
disorders.
Poultry Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
102(8), P. 102774 - 102774
Published: May 10, 2023
This
study
investigated
the
effects
of
dietary
isoleucine
(Ile)
on
growth
performance,
intestinal
expression
amino
acid
transporters,
protein
metabolism-related
genes
and
microbiota
in
starter
phase
Chinese
yellow-feathered
chickens.
Female
Xinguang
chickens
(n
=
1,080,
aged
1
d)
were
randomly
distributed
to
6
treatments,
each
with
replicates
30
birds.
Chickens
fed
diets
levels
total
Ile
(6.8,
7.6,
8.4,
9.2,
10.0,
10.8
g/kg)
for
d.
The
average
daily
gain
feed
conversion
ratio
improved
(P
<
0.05).
Plasma
uric
content
glutamic-oxalacetic
transaminase
activity
linearly
quadratically
decreased
increasing
inclusion
Dietary
level
had
a
linear
0.05)
or
quadratic
effect
jejunal
ribosomal
S6
kinase
B1
eukaryotic
translation
initiation
factor
4E
binding
1.
relative
20S
proteasome
subunit
C2
ileal
muscle
ring
finger-containing
levels.
0.069)
gene
solute
carrier
family
15
member
jejunum
7
ileum.
In
addition,
bacterial
16S
rDNA
full-length
sequencing
showed
that
increased
cecal
abundances
Firmicutes
phylum,
Blautia,
Lactobacillus,
unclassified_Lachnospiraceae
genera,
while
Proteobacteria,
Alistipes,
Shigella.
affected
performance
modulated
gut
appropriate
can
upregulate
synthesis-related
concomitantly
inhibit
proteolysis-related
cathepsin
genes.
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(2), P. 236 - 236
Published: Jan. 17, 2023
A
total
of
24,000
healthy
1-day-old
Arbor
Acres
broilers
with
similar
initial
weights
were
used
in
this
study
and
fed
a
basal
diet
supplemented
0,
400
800
mg/kg
isoleucine
(Ile),
denoted
CON,
ILE400
ILE800,
respectively.
Results
revealed
that
the
final
body
weight,
average
daily
weight
gain,
eviscerated
carcass
rate,
broiler
chickens
group
significantly
higher
than
other
groups
(p
<
0.05).
In
addition,
ILE800
had
lower
feed
conversion
rate
survival
breast
muscle
0.05),
while
abdominal
fat
was
CON
There
serum
concentrations
UREA,
glucose
(GLU)
cholesterol
(TCHO)
0.05);
glutathione
peroxidase
(GSH-Px)
activity
groups,
tumor
necrosis
factor-alpha
(TNF-α)
concentration
considerably
Moreover,
interleukin
(IL)-10
The
down-regulated
mRNA
expressions
fatty-acid
synthase
(FASN)
solid
alcohol
regulatory
element
binding
protein
1c
(SREBP1c),
up-regulated
adipose
triglyceride
lipase
(ATGL),
hormone-sensitive
(HSL),
lipoprotein
(LPL)
sirtuin1
(Sirt1)
intestinal
villus
height
height/crypt
depth
Furthermore,
high-throughput
sequencing
showed
Shannon
index,
Verrucomicrobiota,
Colidextribacter
Bacteroides
abundances
Interestingly,
reduced
Simpson
phylum
Firmicutes
Bacteroidota
(including
genera
Colidextribacter,
Butyricicoccus,
[Ruminococcus]_torques_group,
Bacteroides,
Alistipes,
Barnesiella
Butyricimonas),
increased
Proteobacteria
Cyanobacteria
Dyella,
Devosia,
unidentified_Chloroplast
Hyphomicrobium)
Overall,
our
adding
Ile
to
(diets
levels
at
1.01%,
0.90%
0.87%
during
starter,
grower
finisher
phases,
respectively)
production
performance
improved
health
status
chickens.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
71(42), P. 15656 - 15667
Published: Oct. 17, 2023
Obesity
and
its
associated
conditions,
such
as
nonalcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD),
are
risk
factors
for
health.
The
aim
of
this
study
was
to
explore
the
effects
glutamine
(Gln)
on
steatosis
induced
by
a
high-fat
diet
(HFD)
HEPG2
cells
oleic
acid.
Gln
demonstrated
positive
influence
hepatic
homeostasis
suppressing
acetyl
CoA
carboxylase
(ACC)
acid
synthase
(FAS)
promoting
sirtuin
1
(SIRT1)
expression
while
improving
glucose
metabolism
regulating
serine/threonine
protein
kinase
(AKT)/factor
forkhead
box
O1
(FOXO1)
signals
in
vivo
vitro.
Obese
Gln-fed
mice
had
higher
colonic
short-chain
(SCFA)
contents
lower
inflammation
factor
levels
liver,
cells,
jejunum.
Gln-treated
obese
an
effective
decrease
Firmicutes
abundance.
These
findings
indicate
that
serves
nutritional
tool
managing
obesity
related
disorders.
Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
8, P. 7 - 27
Published: Feb. 3, 2025
Adipose
tissue
has
morphological
heterogeneity.
Currently,
five
types
of
fat
cells
are
known:
white,
beige,
brown,
yellow
and
pink
adipocytes.
In
the
future,
we
will
consider
beige
brown
The
main
pathological
role
in
development
obesity
a
number
other
metabolic
diseases
is
played
by
white
adipose
tissue.
function
energy
storage
adipocytes
well
known.
However,
conditions,
mass
can
increase
significantly,
amounting
to
more
than
70%
total
body
weight.
addition,
prone
inflammation
production
biologically
active
substances
-
adipokines.
Many
adipokines
negatively
affect
musculoskeletal
bone
tissues,
exacerbate
systemic
chronic
severity
polymorbid
pathology.
At
same
time,
tissue,
due
its
pronounced
ability
heat
(thermogenesis),
protective
properties.
Activation
stimulation
transformation
into
ones
(the
so-called
“browning”)
with
help
physical
activity,
medications
dietary
supplements
seems
promising.
These
methods
be
successfully
used
combat
overweight
obesity.
modern
advances
genetics
transplantology
allow
us
hope
for
future
use
adipocyte
transplantation
patients
who
suffer
from
severe
Research
on
interrelationships
muscles,
cardiovascular,
nervous,
endocrine
systems
continue.
Undoubtedly,
there
many
interesting
scientific
discoveries
made
medical
science.
