Explosive Secondary Aerosol Formation during Severe Haze in the North China Plain

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 55(4), P. 2189 - 2207

Published: Feb. 4, 2021

Severe haze events with exceedingly high-levels of fine aerosols occur frequently over the past decades in North China Plain (NCP), exerting profound impacts on human health, weather, and climate. The development effective mitigation policies requires a comprehensive understanding formation mechanisms, including identification quantification sources, formation, transformation aerosol species. Haze evolution this region exhibits distinct physical chemical characteristics from clean to polluted periods, as evident increasing stagnation relative humidity, but decreasing solar radiation well explosive secondary formation. latter is attributed highly elevated concentrations precursor gases reflected by rapid increases particle number mass concentrations, both corresponding nonequilibrium processes. Considerable new knowledge has been acquired understand processes regulating particularly light progress elucidating mechanisms. This review synthesizes recent advances highlighting several critical chemical/physical processes, that is, growth driven photochemistry aqueous chemistry interaction between atmospheric stability. Current challenges future research priorities are also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Advances in air quality research – current and emerging challenges

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(7), P. 4615 - 4703

Published: April 11, 2022

Abstract. This review provides a community's perspective on air quality research focusing mainly developments over the past decade. The article perspectives current and future challenges as well needs for selected key topics. While this paper is not an exhaustive of all areas in field quality, we have topics that feel are important from policy perspectives. After providing short historical overview, focuses improvements characterizing sources emissions pollution, new observations instrumentation, advances prediction forecasting, understanding interactions with meteorology climate, exposure health assessment, management policy. In conducting review, specific objectives were (i) to address push boundaries forward, (ii) highlight emerging prominent gaps knowledge research, (iii) make recommendations guide direction within wider community. also identifies particular importance original concept was borne at International Conference Air Quality 2020 (held online due COVID 19 restrictions during 18–26 May 2020), but incorporates landscape literature science. On pollution highlights, particular, need reduce uncertainties diffuse sources, particulate matter chemical components, shipping emissions, considering both indoor outdoor sources. There growing integrated related ground-based remote sensing instruments, including those satellites. should capitalize area low-cost sensors, while ensuring measurements which regulated by guidelines. Connecting various physical scales modelling still continual issue, cities being affected gradients local long-range transport. At same time, one allow impacts climate change longer timescale. Earth system offers considerable potential consistent framework treating processes, especially where there significant feedbacks, such aerosols, chemistry, meteorology. Assessment consider application more sophisticated, dynamic approaches predict concentrations pollutants environments. With most health, indicating urgent understand, role particle number components terms impact, turn requires improved emission inventories models predicting high-resolution distributions these metrics cities. examines how adapt above-mentioned briefly considers implications COVID-19 pandemic quality. Finally, provide support

Language: Английский

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Heart healthy cities: genetics loads the gun but the environment pulls the trigger

European Heart Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 42(25), P. 2422 - 2438

Published: April 7, 2021

The world's population is estimated to reach 10 billion by 2050 and 75% of this will live in cities. Two-third the European already urban areas proportion continues grow. Between 60% 80% global energy use consumed areas, with 70% greenhouse gas emissions produced within areas. World Health Organization states that city planning now recognized as a critical part comprehensive solution tackle adverse health outcomes. In present review, we address non-communicable diseases focus on cardiovascular disease urbanization process relation environmental risk exposures including noise, air pollution, temperature, outdoor light. review reports why heat islands develop how greening cities can improve public health, climate concerns, sustainability, liveability. addition, discuss planning, transport interventions, novel technologies assess external exposures, e.g. using digital technologies, promote heart healthy future. Lastly, highlight new paradigms integrative thinking such exposome planetary challenging one-exposure-one-health-outcome association expand our understanding totality human exposures.

Language: Английский

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In situ ozone production is highly sensitive to volatile organic compounds in Delhi, India

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(17), P. 13609 - 13630

Published: Sept. 13, 2021

Abstract. The Indian megacity of Delhi suffers from some the poorest air quality in world. While ambient NO2 and particulate matter (PM) concentrations have received considerable attention city, high ground-level ozone (O3) are an often overlooked component pollution. O3 can lead to significant ecosystem damage agricultural crop losses, adversely affect human health. During October 2018, speciated non-methane hydrocarbon volatile organic compounds (C2–C13), oxygenated (o-VOCs), NO, NO2, HONO, CO, SO2, O3, photolysis rates, were continuously measured at urban site Old Delhi. These observations used constrain a detailed chemical box model utilising Master Chemical Mechanism v3.3.1. VOCs NOx (NO + NO2) varied test their impact on local production P(O3), which revealed VOC-limited regime. When only reduced, increase P(O3) was observed; thus, VOC co-reduction approaches must also be considered pollution abatement strategies. Of examined this work, mean morning rates most sensitive monoaromatic compounds, followed by monoterpenes alkenes, where halving led 15.6 %, 13.1 12.9 % reduction respectively. not direct changes aerosol surface area but very may influenced future PM concentrations. divided into emission source sectors, as described Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) v5.0 Air Pollutant EDGAR v4.3.2_VOC_spec inventories, allowing individual sources investigated. Reducing road transport emissions only, common strategy strategies worldwide, found even when removed its entirety. Effective achieved reducing along with combustion manufacturing process emissions. Modelled reduced ∼ 20 ppb h−1 these combined halved. This study highlights importance parallel

Language: Английский

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Ammonia and PM2.5 Air Pollution in Paris during the 2020 COVID Lockdown

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 160 - 160

Published: Jan. 27, 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown reduced anthropogenic emissions of NO2 in Paris. concentrations recorded 2020 were lowest they have been past 5 years. Despite these low-NO2 levels, Paris experienced PM2.5 pollution episodes, which investigated here based on multi-species and multi-platform measurements. Ammonia (NH3) measurements over Paris, derived from a mini-DOAS (differential optical absorption spectroscopy) instrument Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite, revealed simultaneous enhancements during spring episodes. Using IASI maps FLEXPART model, we show that long-range transport had statistically significant influence degradation air quality In addition, ammonium (NH4+) strongly correlated for all episodes observed springtime 2020, suggesting NH3 drove large component We found was not limiting factor formation nitrate (NH4NO3), suggest conversion ammonia to may essential driver.

Language: Английский

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Air pollution and endocrine disruptors induce human microbiome imbalances: A systematic review of recent evidence and possible biological mechanisms

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 816, P. 151654 - 151654

Published: Nov. 14, 2021

A rich body of literature indicates that environmental factors interact with the human microbiome and influence its composition functions contributing to pathogenesis diseases in distal sites body. This systematic review examines scientific evidence on effect toxicants, air pollutants endocrine disruptors (EDCs), compositional diversity microbiota. Articles from PubMed, Embase, WoS Google Scholar where included if they focused populations or SHIME® model, assessed effects EDCs microbiome. Non-human studies, not written English displaying original research were excluded. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used assess quality individual studies. Results extracted presented tables. 31 studies selected, including 24 related pollutants, 5 EDCs, 2 EDC using model. 19 focussed respiratory system (19), gut (8), skin (2), vaginal (1) mammary microbiomes. No sufficient number are available observe a consistent trend for most microbiota, except streptococcus veillionellales which 9 out 10, 3 4 suggest an increase abundance exposure pollution. limitation reviewed is scarcity existing assessing microbiomes systems. Growing suggests contaminants could change resident e.g. upper lower respiratory, gastrointestinal, female reproductive system. Microbial dysbiosis might lead colonization pathogens outgrowth pathobionts facilitating infectious diseases. It also prime metabolic dysfunctions disrupting production beneficial metabolites. Further should elucidate role development dysregulation microbiota-related immunological processes.

Language: Английский

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Investigating the association between air pollutants’ concentration and meteorological parameters in a rapidly growing urban center of West Bengal, India: a statistical modeling-based approach

Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 2877 - 2892

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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Air pollution in Iran: The current status and potential solutions

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 195(6)

Published: May 26, 2023

Air pollution has been integrated into global challenges over the last few years due to its negative impact on health of human beings, increasing socio-economic risks, and contribution climate change. This study attempts evaluate current status Iran's air with regard sources emissions, control policies, consequences that have resulted through available data from monitoring stations reported in literature, official documents, previously published papers. Many large cities Iran surpass permissible concentration pollutants, particularly particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, black carbon, ozone. Although regulations policies are place enormous efforts being made address issues country, implementation enforcement not as effective they could be. The significant may be regarded inefficiency regulation supervision systems, lack quality systems technology, industrial rather than Tehran, continual feedback investigations efficiency regulation. Providing such an up-to-date report can bring opportunities for international collaboration, which is essential addressing worldwide. We suggest a way forward more focused conducting systematic reviews using scientometric methods show accurate picture trend association Iran, implementing approach both change issues, collaborating counterparts share knowledge, tools, techniques.

Language: Английский

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Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic for ventilation and indoor air quality

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 385(6707), P. 396 - 401

Published: July 25, 2024

The rapid global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the beginning 2020 presented world with its greatest health challenge in decades. It soon became clear that governments were unprepared to respond appropriately this crisis. National and international public authorities confused about transmission routes virus control measures required protect against it. In particular, need reduce risk infection through sufficient effective ventilation indoor spaces was given little attention. review, we discuss insights key lessons learned from COVID-19 pandemic regarding role as an means airborne pathogens and, more broadly, for supporting good air quality.

Language: Английский

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Overview of Vehicle Exhaust Particle Number Regulations

Processes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(12), P. 2216 - 2216

Published: Dec. 8, 2021

Vehicle emissions are a significant source of air pollution in cities. Particulate matter (PM) is pollutant with adverse health effects. Regulations worldwide determine the PM exhaust vehicles by gravimetric quantification mass deposited on filter over test cycle. The introduction particulate filters as vehicle gas aftertreatment devices led to low emissions. A particle number methodology (counting solid particles > 23 nm), complementary measurement, was developed PMP (Particle Measurement Programme) group GRPE (Working Party Pollution and Energy) UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) during first decade 21st century. then introduced EU (European Union) regulations light-duty (2011), heavy-duty (2013), non-road mobile machinery (2019). In parallel, last 15 years, UN Nations) GTRs (Global Technical Regulations) including this were also developed. To address on-road emissions, RDE (real-driving emissions) testing PEMS (portable measurement systems) 2017. Other countries (e.g., China, India) have started adopting methodology. recently improved current laboratory on-board methodologies extended them lower size 10 nm). Due rapid evolution lack summary literature, paper gives an overview near future regulations. Emphasis given technical specifications changes that taken place years.

Language: Английский

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