Stability of organic solar cells: toward commercial applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(5), P. 2350 - 2387

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted a great deal of attention in the field clean energy due to their advantages transparency, flexibility, low cost and light weight. Introducing them market enables seamless integration into buildings windows, while also supporting wearable, portable electronics internet-of-things (IoT) devices. With development photovoltaic materials optimization fabrication technology, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) OSCs rapidly improved now exceed 20%. However, there is significant lack focus on material stability device lifetime, causing severe hindrance commercial applications. In this review, we carefully review important strategies employed improve over past three years from perspectives design engineering. Furthermore, analyze discuss current progress terms air, light, thermal mechanical stability. Finally, propose future research directions overcome challenges achieving highly stable OSCs. We expect that will contribute solving problem OSCs, eventually paving way for applications near future.

Language: Английский

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Recent Progress in π-Conjugated Polymers for Organic Photovoltaics: Solar Cells and Photodetectors

Progress in Polymer Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 143, P. 101711 - 101711

Published: June 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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Recent Developments of Polymer Solar Cells with Photovoltaic Performance over 17%

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(14)

Published: Jan. 22, 2023

Abstract With the emergence of ADA'DA‐type (Y‐series) non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) organic photovoltaic devices have been constantly refreshed and gradually reached 20% in recent years (19% for single junction tandem device). The possess specific design concept, which greatly enrich NFA types excellent compatibility with many donor materials. It is gratifying to note that previously underperforming materials combine these regulated shine again. Nowadays, concept modular widely used research donors, injecting new vitality into field photovoltaics. Furthermore, also promote multicomponent devices, bilayer processing solvent engineering, additive engineering. Herein, latest progresses polymer solar cells efficiency over 17% are briefly reviewed from aspects active material design, interface development, device technology. At last, opportunities challenges commercialization future discussed.

Language: Английский

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Fused ring A–DA′D–A (Y-series) non-fullerene acceptors: recent developments and design strategies for organic photovoltaics

Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(35), P. 17968 - 17987

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

The fundamental principles of the molecular design Y-series NFAs (A–DA′D–A) are described, together with their achievements, comprehension, and impact on photoelectric characteristics, photovoltaic performance, film morphology.

Language: Английский

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A Mini Review on the Development of Conjugated Polymers: Steps towards the Commercialization of Organic Solar Cells

Polymers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 164 - 164

Published: Dec. 29, 2022

This review article covers the synthesis and design of conjugated polymers for carefully adjusting energy levels band gap (EBG) to achieve desired photovoltaic performance. The formation bonds delocalization electrons over chains are both explained by molecular orbital theory (MOT). intrinsic characteristics that classify as semiconducting materials come from EBG organic molecules. A quinoid mesomeric structure (D-A ↔ D+ = A−) forms across major backbones polymer a result alternating donor–acceptor segments contributing pull–push driving force between neighboring units, resulting in smaller optical EBG. Furthermore, one most crucial factors achieving excellent performance is improving morphology active layer. In order improve exciton diffusion, dissociation, charge transport, nanoscale ensures nanometer phase separation donor acceptor components It was demonstrated because exciton’s short lifetime, only small diffusion distances (10–20 nm) needed all photo-generated excitons reach interfacial region where they can separate into free carriers. There comprehensive explanation architecture solar cells using single layer, bilayer, bulk heterojunction (BHJ) devices. circuit current density (Jsc), open voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF) have significant impact on (OSCs). Since BHJ concept first proposed, advancement quick configuration development these devices been accomplished. Due their ability combine great electronic properties with strong thermal chemical stability, unique used wide range applications. According fundamental operating theories OSCs, unlike inorganic semiconductors such silicon cells, unable produce carrier charges (holes electrons). To overcome Coulombic attraction region, require an additional thermodynamic force. From engineering polymers, it discovered obstacles desirable toward optimal p-type materials. Along plastic (PSCs), extended number different applications light-emitting diodes (LEDs) field-effect transistors (FETs). Additionally, topics fluorene carbazole units covered. Stille, Suzuki, Sonogashira coupling reactions widely synthesize D–A copolymers also presented. Moreover, based anthracene be

Language: Английский

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A Multifluorination Strategy Toward Wide Bandgap Polymers for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(10)

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Creating new electron-deficient unit is highly demanded to develop high-performance polymer donors for non-fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we reported a multifluorinated 4,5,6,7-tetrafluoronaphtho[2,1-b : 3,4-b']dithio-phene (FNT) and its polymers PFNT-F PFNT-Cl. The advantages of multifluorination: (1) it enables the exhibit low-lying HOMO (≈-5.5 eV) wide band gap (≈2.0 eV); (2) short interactions (F⋅⋅⋅H, F⋅⋅⋅F) endow with properties high film crystallinity efficient hole transport; (3) well miscibility NFAs that leads more well-defined nanofibrous morphology face-on orientation in blend films. Therefore, PFNT-F/Cl N3 based OSCs impressive FF values 0.80, remarkable PCEs 17.53 % 18.10 %, which make them ranked best donor materials OSCs. This work offers insights into rational design by multifluorination strategy.

Language: Английский

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Wide Band‐Gap Polymer Donors Functionalized with Unconventional Carbamate Side Chains for Polymer Solar Cells

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 61(50)

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

Side-chain engineering with heteroatoms is not only effective in tuning frontier molecular orbitals, but also possible for forming secondary bonds which can be utilized to planarize the backbone, hence, improving photon absorption as well charge-transport abilities of polymer solar-cell (PSC) materials. Herein, two types unconventional side chains, namely carboxylate and carbamate, containing various are introduced thiophene bridges high performance benzodithiophene (BDT) based donor polymers from novel PTzTz-C PTzTz-N, respectively. In these polymers, non-covalent O⋅⋅⋅S N⋅⋅⋅H interactions induce a tendency aggregation. ternary-blend PSC PTzTz-N added high-performance D18 : BTP-eC9 blend, complimentary improved thin-film morphology were observed top power conversion efficiency 18.76 %, an improvement almost 5 % over binary blends.

Language: Английский

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Side chain functionalization of conjugated polymer on the modulation of photovoltaic properties of fullerene and non-fullerene organic solar cells

Macromolecular Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(9), P. 897 - 905

Published: June 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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Revisiting the Dithienophthalimide Building Block: Improved Synthetic Method Yielding New High‐Performance Polymer Donors for Organic Solar Cells

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 61(35)

Published: July 5, 2022

Imide-functionalized arenes have been one of the most promising acceptor (A) units in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, dithienophthalimide (DPI), a hybrid thieno-[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) and bithiophene imide (BTI) units, has not revisited since its first synthesis, likely owing to high synthetic cost reported method. In this work, we simplified procedure DPI skeleton with significant reduction by using chromium-mediated cyclization as key chemistry. Using method, two DPI-based nonhalogenated D-A copolymers are synthesized. The binary OSCs based on pBDTT-DPI-Me : Y6 achieves power conversion efficiency 16.55 %, highlighting an attractive A-unit for further exploration OSCs.

Language: Английский

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Polymer-Unit Graph: Advancing Interpretability in Graph Neural Network Machine Learning for Organic Polymer Semiconductor Materials

Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 2908 - 2920

Published: March 29, 2024

The graph representation of complex materials plays a crucial role in the field inorganic and organic investigations for developing data-centric science, such as those using neural networks (GNNs). However, currently prevalent GNN models are primarily employed investigating periodic crystals small molecule data, yet they still encounter challenges terms interpretability computational efficiency when applied to polymer monomers macromolecules data. There is lack polymers specifically tailored explore structural characteristics. Polymer-unit Graph, novel coarse-grained method introduced study, dedicated expressing analyzing macromolecules. By incorporating Graph into semiconductor (OSC) database, it becomes possible uncover intricate structure–property relationships involving branched-chain engineering, fluoridation substitution, donor–acceptor combination effects on elementary structure OSC polymers. Furthermore, enables visualizing relationship between target properties units while reducing training time by an impressive 98% minimizing molecular models. In conclusion, successfully integrates concept GNNs, enabling more accurate analysis understanding

Language: Английский

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