Small Methods,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
6(10)
Published: Sept. 14, 2022
Abstract
Nitrate
has
a
high
level
of
stability
and
persistence
in
water,
endangering
human
health
aquatic
ecosystems.
Due
to
its
reliability
efficiency,
the
electrochemical
nitrate
reduction
reaction
(NO
3
RR)
is
regarded
as
best
available
option
for
mitigating
excess
water
wastewater,
especially
removal
trace
levels
nitrate.
One
most
critical
factors
are
catalysts,
which
directly
affect
efficiency
removal.
Iron‐based
nanocatalysts,
have
advantages
nontoxicity,
wide
availability,
low
cost,
emerged
promising
NO
RR
material
recent
years.
This
review
covers
major
aspects
iron‐based
nanocatalysts
RR,
including
synthetic
methods,
structural
design,
performance
enhancement,
electrocatalytic
test,
mechanism.
The
progress
mechanism
functional
modified
structures
reviewed
from
perspectives
loading,
doping,
assembly
strategies,
order
realize
conversion
pollutant
harmless
nitrogen
or
ammonia
other
sustainable
products.
Finally,
challenges
future
directions
development
low‐cost
highly‐efficient
explored.
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
145(25), P. 13957 - 13967
Published: June 19, 2023
Harvesting
recyclable
ammonia
(NH3)
from
the
electrocatalytic
reduction
of
nitrate
(NO3RR)
offers
a
sustainable
strategy
to
close
ecological
nitrogen
cycle
nitration
contamination
in
an
energy-efficient
and
environmentally
friendly
manner.
The
emerging
intermetallic
single-atom
alloys
(ISAAs)
are
recognized
achieve
highest
site
density
single
atoms
by
isolating
contiguous
metal
into
sites
stabilized
another
within
structure,
which
holds
promise
couple
catalytic
benefits
nanocrystals
catalysts
for
promoting
NO3RR.
Herein,
ISAA
In-Pd
bimetallene,
Pd
isolated
surrounding
In
atoms,
is
reported
boost
neutral
NO3RR
with
NH3
Faradaic
efficiency
(FE)
87.2%,
yield
rate
28.06
mg
h-1
mgPd-1,
exceptional
stability
increased
activity/selectivity
over
100
h
20
cycles.
structure
induces
substantially
diminished
overlap
d-orbitals
narrowed
p-d
hybridization
In-p
Pd-d
states
around
Fermi
level,
resulting
stronger
NO3-
adsorption
depressed
energy
barrier
potential-determining
step
Further
integrating
catalyst
Zn-NO3-
flow
battery
as
cathode
delivers
power
12.64
mW
cm-2
FE
93.4%
production.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(43)
Published: June 25, 2023
Abstract
Ammonia
as
an
irreplaceable
chemical
has
been
widely
demanded
to
keep
the
sustainable
development
of
modern
society.
However,
its
industrial
production
consumes
huge
energy
and
releases
extraordinary
green‐house
gases,
leading
various
environmental
issues.
To
achieve
green
ammonia
is
a
great
challenge
that
extensively
pursued
recently.
In
review,
most
promising
strategy,
electrochemical
nitrate
reduction
reaction
(e‐NO
3
RR)
for
purpose
comprehensively
investigated
give
full
understanding
mechanism
provide
guidance
future
directions.
Particularly,
electrocatalysts
focused
realize
high
yield
rate
Faraday
efficiency
applications.
The
recent‐developed
catalysts,
including
noble
metallic
materials,
alloys,
metal
compounds,
single‐metal‐atom
metal‐free
are
systematically
discussed
review
effects
factors
on
catalytic
performance
in
e‐NO
RR.
Accordingly,
strategies,
defects
engineering,
coordination
environment
modulating,
surface
controlling,
hybridization,
carefully
improve
performance,
such
intrinsic
activity
selectivity.
Finally,
perspectives
challenges
given
out.
This
shall
insightful
advanced
systems
efficiently
industry.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(41), P. 46595 - 46602
Published: Oct. 5, 2022
Electrocatalytic
nitrate
reduction
reaction
(NO3RR)
affords
a
bifunctional
character
in
the
carbon-free
ammonia
synthesis
and
remission
of
pollution
water.
Here,
we
fabricated
Co3O4
nanosheet
array
with
cobalt
vacancies
on
carbon
cloth
(vCo-Co3O4/CC)
by
situ
etching
aluminum-doped
Co3O4/CC,
which
exhibits
an
excellent
Faradaic
efficiency
97.2%
large
NH3
yield
as
high
517.5
μmol
h-1
cm-2,
better
than
pristine
Co3O4/CC.
Theoretical
calculative
results
imply
that
can
tune
local
electronic
environment
around
Co
sites
Co3O4,
increasing
charge
reducing
electron
cloud
density
sites,
is
thus
conducive
to
adsorption
NO3-
for
greatly
enhanced
reduction.
Furthermore,
vCo-Co3O4
(311)
facet
presents
NO3RR
activity
low
energy
barrier
about
0.63
eV
potential-determining
step,
much
smaller
(1.3
eV).
Energy & Environmental Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
15(7), P. 3024 - 3032
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
A
Zn-NO
2
−
battery
with
C/Co
3
O
4
catalyst
cathode
is
developed
as
an
energy-output
electrocatalytic
system
that
can
simultaneously
convert
NO
to
NH
high
faradaic
efficiency
and
supply
electricity
a
power
density
of
6.03
mW
cm
−2
.
Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(12), P. 3489 - 3514
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Ammonia
(NH3)
is
an
essential
raw
material
in
the
production
of
fertilizers
and
a
promising
carbon-free
energy
carrier,
however,
its
synthesis
still
depends
on
energy-
capital-intensive
Haber–Bosch
process.
Recently,
electrochemical
N2
reduction
reaction
has
attracted
significant
interest
as
emerging
method
for
NH3
under
ambient
conditions.
However,
limited
solubility
aqueous
electrolyte
strong
NN
bonds
result
low
yield
rate,
inferior
faradaic
efficiency
unsatisfactory
selectivity,
impeding
further
practical
application.
Considering
high
water
nitrate
(NO3−),
NO3−
(NO3−RR)
become
fascinating
route
achieving
sustainable
NH3,
enormous
progress
been
made
this
field.
As
consequence,
review
discusses
mechanism
systematically
summarizes
recent
development
electrocatalysts
NO3−RR,
including
noble-metal-based
materials,
single-atom
metal
catalysts,
transition-metal-based
catalysts.
Diverse
design
strategies
catalysts
to
boost
NO3−RR
performance,
such
defect
engineering,
rational
structure
design,
strain
engineering
constructing
heterostructures,
are
discussed.
This
followed
by
illustration
how
robust
understanding
optimization
affords
fundamental
insights
into
efficiency,
selectivity
electrocatalysts.
Finally,
we
conclude
with
future
perspectives
critical
issues,
challenges
research
directions
high-efficiency
selective
NH3.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Dec. 5, 2023
Abstract
Most
current
research
is
devoted
to
electrochemical
nitrate
reduction
reaction
for
ammonia
synthesis
under
alkaline/neutral
media
while
the
investigation
of
acidic
conditions
rarely
reported.
In
this
work,
we
demonstrate
potential
TiO
2
nanosheet
with
intrinsically
poor
hydrogen-evolution
activity
selective
and
rapid
conditions.
Hybridized
iron
phthalocyanine,
resulting
catalyst
displays
remarkably
improved
efficiency
toward
formation
owing
enhanced
adsorption,
suppressed
hydrogen
evolution
lowered
energy
barrier
rate-determining
step.
Then,
an
alkaline-acid
hybrid
Zn-nitrate
battery
was
developed
high
open-circuit
voltage
1.99
V
power
density
91.4
mW
cm
–2
.
Further,
environmental
sulfur
recovery
can
be
powered
by
above
hydrazine-nitrate
fuel
cell
simultaneously
hydrazine/nitrate
conversion
electricity
generation.
This
work
demonstrates
attractive
electrosynthesis
broadens
field
conversion.
