International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(19), P. 11243 - 11243
Published: Sept. 24, 2022
Identification
of
betacyanins
in
Basella
alba
L.
and
var.
'Rubra'
fruits
was
performed
by
low-
high-resolution
mass
spectrometry
(LRMS
HRMS)
as
well
1H,
13C
two-dimensional
NMR
which
revealed
hitherto
completely
not
known
betacyanin
classes
the
plant
kingdom.
Especially,
presence
unique
nitrogenous
acyl
moieties
structures
pigments
ascertained
HRMS
Orbitrap
detection.
Except
for
detected
polar
glycosylated
derivatives,
a
series
previously
reported
such
malonylated
betanidin
6-O-β-glusosides
with
their
migration
isomers
along
evidence
3''-hydroxy-butyrylated
is
reported.
The
first
complete
data
were
obtained
novel
principal
acylated
gomphrenins
hydroxycinnamic
acids:
6'-O-E-caffeoyl-gomphrenin
(malabarin),
6'-O-E-sinapoyl-gomphrenin
(gandolin),
6'-O-E-4-coumaroyl-gomphrenin
(globosin)
6'-O-E-feruloyl-gomphrenin
(basellin).
Foods,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(5), P. 851 - 851
Published: March 1, 2025
This
study
focuses
on
the
extraction
of
betalain
compounds
from
Opuntia
stricta
as
a
natural
alternative
to
synthetic
colorants
and
sustainable
environmentally
friendly
technology
solutions.
Non-conventional
technologies
including
microwave
(MW)
ultrasound
(US)
were
used
alone
or
in
combination.
The
process
was
conducted
for
both
undried
(OS)
dried
(DOS)
plant
material
at
two
distinct
drying
temperatures,
40
°C
60
°C,
assess
stability
molecules.
colorant's
potential
evaluated
by
determining
content,
total
phenolic
antioxidant
activity.
MW
(2
min)
+
US
(10
processes
yielded
greatest
content
OS
fresh
weight
(FW),
with
48.54
±
0.29
mg/100
g
FW
51.01
0.16
FW,
respectively.
Furthermore,
results
showed
considerable
drop
when
reduction
rates
53.75%
24.82%,
respectively,
compared
before
process.
LC-DAD-ESI-MS
analysis
supported
this
result,
revealing
presence
17-decarboxy
betanin,
neobetanin,
Cyclo-dopa5-O-βglucoside
DOS
°C.
highlights
future
green
less
heat
degradation
offer
stable
colorant.
ACS Synthetic Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(6), P. 1916 - 1924
Published: June 11, 2024
Betanin
is
a
water-soluble
red-violet
pigment
belonging
to
the
betacyanins
family.
It
has
become
more
and
attractive
for
its
natural
food
colorant
properties
health
benefits.
However,
commercial
production
of
betanin,
typically
extracted
from
red
beetroot,
faces
economic
sustainability
challenges.
Microbial
heterologous
therefore
offers
promising
alternative.
Here,
we
performed
combinatorial
engineering
plant
P450
enzymes
precursor
metabolisms
improve
de
novo
betanin
in
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae.
Semirational
design
by
computer
simulation
molecular
docking
was
used
catalytic
activity
CYP76AD.
Alanine
substitution
site-directed
saturation
mutants
were
screened,
with
combination
mutant
showing
an
approximately
7-fold
increase
titer
compared
wild
type.
Subsequently,
improved
enhancing
l-tyrosine
pathway
flux
UDP-glucose
supply.
Finally,
after
optimization
fermentation
process,
engineered
strain
BEW10
produced
134.1
mg/L
sucrose,
achieving
highest
reported
shake
flask
microbes.
This
work
shows
enzyme
metabolic
strategies
efficient
microbial
complex
products.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
72(6), P. 2943 - 2962
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
The
antioxidant
and
anti-inflammatory
activities
of
acylated
decarboxylated
gomphrenins,
as
well
Basella
alba
L.
fruit
extract,
were
investigated
in
relation
to
gomphrenin,
known
for
its
high
biological
potential.
most
abundant
natural
namely,
6′-O-E-caffeoyl-gomphrenin
(malabarin)
6′-O-E-4-coumaroyl-gomphrenin
(globosin),
isolated
from
B.
extract
the
studies.
In
addition,
controlled
thermal
decarboxylation
gomphrenin
purified
at
65–75
°C
resulted
formation
prevalent
products,
including
17-decarboxy-gomphrenin
2,17-bidecarboxy-gomphrenin,
along
with
their
isoforms.
structures
pigments
confirmed
by
NMR
analyses.
Exploring
matrix
effect
on
pigment
reactivity
revealed
a
tremendous
increase
stability
all
betacyanins
after
initial
stage
purification
using
cation
exchanger
under
various
conditions.
This
indicates
removal
substantial
portion
unfavorable
which
presumably
contains
reactive
species
that
could
otherwise
degrade
pigments.
Furthermore,
concentration
citrates
played
significant
role
favoring
2-decarboxy-gomphrenin
considerable
extent.
vitro
screening
experiments
tested
compounds
demonstrated
strong
properties
lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)-activated
human
macrophages.
encompassed
selective
inhibition
cytokine
chemokine
release
activated
macrophages,
modulation
chemotactic
activity
immune
cells,
regulation
tissue
remodeling
mediators'
release.
