ACS Catalysis,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(14), P. 9442 - 9475
Published: July 3, 2023
Spirocyclic
indole
derivatives
are
fascinating
tridimensional
molecular
scaffolds
from
both
a
synthetic
and
biological
point
of
view.
Among
the
many
strategies
developed
to
access
these
structures,
transition
metal
catalysis
has
recently
led
impressive
advances,
especially
relying
on
unique
reactivity
dearomatized
spirocyclic
intermediates.
These
species
can
indeed
evolve
toward
or
nonspirocyclic
products
through
rearomatization-driven
processes,
which
at
same
time
highly
challenging
control
but
also
source
large
structural
diversity.
This
review
highlights
most
prominent
methods
past
decade
that
involve
spirocyclization
tethered
functional
group
may
be
activated
by
metal,
leading
rearomatized
products.
The
discussion
is
particularly
focused
spiroindoleninium
intermediate
complex
mechanistic
features
regarding
its
evolution,
dependent
catalytic
systems.
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
20(29), P. 5651 - 5693
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Recent
advances
in
the
chemistry
of
base-,
metal-,
nano-metal
and
organo-catalyst
mediated
achiral
chiral
versions
structurally
diverse
pharmaceutically
relevant
spirooxindoles
are
gently
reviewed.
Future Medicinal Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 19
Published: March 19, 2025
TB
drug
discovery
needs
scientists'
attention
since
resistance
in
TB,
including
extensively
drug-resistant
(XDR-TB)
and
multidrug-resistant
(MDR-TB),
is
a
major
healthcare
concern.
Since
millions
of
fatalities
from
tuberculosis
are
recorded
each
year,
there
an
urgent
need
to
discover
new
anti-tubercular
medications
that
will
either
eradicate
or
control
the
disease.
Spiro
compounds
have
garnered
lot
medicinal
chemistry
these
days
because
various
biological
activities
mainly
their
adaptability
structural
resemblance
significant
pharmacophores.
This
article
overviews
synthesis
activity
spirocyclic
as
agents.
Both
synthesized
naturally
occurring
spiro
chemicals
exhibit
antitubercular
properties.
The
promising
potential
shown
by
some
has
attracted
scientists
explore
them
further
develop
molecules
with
improved
pharmacodynamic
pharmacokinetic
properties
mechanisms
action
enhanced
safety
efficacy
tuberculosis.
current
review
covers
exploration
year
2004
2024
for
combat
Tuberculosis.
gives
comprehensive
advancements
this
scaffold
which
would
help
logical
design
powerful,
less
toxic,
more
effective
anti-TB
molecules.
New Journal of Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
45(26), P. 11420 - 11456
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
The
1,3-dipolar
cycloaddition
reaction
of
nitrone
is
one
the
most
important
methods
for
synthesis
different
sizes
heterocycles
which
have
enormous
applications
in
natural
products,
biologically
active
molecules
and
pharmaceuticals.
Green Synthesis and Catalysis,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
5(1), P. 1 - 13
Published: Aug. 15, 2023
Spirooxindole
is
a
compound
with
unique
framework
and
broad
bioactivities
in
medicine.
In
this
study,
we
have
reviewed
various
approaches
or
methods
synthesizing
spirooxindole
derivatives
focused
on
green
synthesis.
Synthesis
of
spirooxindoles
mainly
carried
out
through
multicomponent
reactions
combined
such
as
the
use
heterogeneous
catalysts
(nano-sized,
magnetic,
metal-complex,
metal-organic
catalysts),
deep
eutectic
solvent,
solvent-free
reactions,
catalyst-free
well
ultrasonic
microwaves
irradiation.
The
method
addition
to
obtaining
high
yields,
it
also
offers
reductions
hazardous
chemicals,
energy
use,
purification
processes,
waste
generation.
As
result,
synthesis
are
more
environmentally
friendly.
Organic Letters,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
26(24), P. 5115 - 5119
Published: June 11, 2024
An
ammonium
ylide-based
relay
annulation
was
disclosed,
which
uses
DABCO
as
the
catalyst
and
oxindole-derived
α,β-unsaturated
ketimines
γ-bromo-crotonates
starting
materials.
This
method
enables
rapid
assembly
of
a
series
structurally
novel
spiro-polycyclic
oxindoles
containing
bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane
moiety
through
simultaneous
generation
three
new
bonds
two
rings
in
one
step
under
mild
reaction
conditions.
Symmetry,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(8), P. 1426 - 1426
Published: Aug. 4, 2021
A
series
of
new
spiro-heterocycles
engrafted
spirooxindole/pyrrolidine/thiochromene
scaffolds
was
synthesized
by
the
three-component
1,3-dipolar
cycloaddition
reactions
in
a
fully
controlled
regio-
and
stereo-selective
fashion.
Condensation
several
substituted
isatin
derivatives
with
L-proline
generated
azomethine
ylides
which
subsequently
reacted
chalcones
based
thiochromene
scaffold,
finally
afforded
target
spiro-compounds.
This
simple
protocol
furnished
structurally
complex,
biologically
relevant
good
yields
through
one-pot
process.
All
chalcone-based
thiochromene,
along
scaffolds,
were
tested
for
their
anticancer
activity
against
four
cancer
cell
lines
(PC3,
HeLa,
MCF-7,
MDA-MB231).
Toxicity
these
compounds
also
evaluated
human
fibroblast
BJ
line,
they
appeared
to
be
not
cytotoxic.
For
prostate
(PC3)
most
active
hybrid,
among
series,
compound
(7f,
IC50
=
8.7
±
0.7
µM).
The
potent
hybrid
cervical
(HeLa)
cells
(7k,
8.4
0.5
µM)
having
chlorine
p-trifluoromethyl
substituents
attached
phenyl
rings.
Finally,
MCF-7
MDA-MB231
breast
lines,
(7d)
member
this
(IC50
7.36
0.37,
9.44
0.32
µM,
respectively).
The Chemical Record,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
23(7)
Published: Jan. 26, 2023
Abstract
Over
the
last
ten
years,
combination
of
organocatalysis
with
transition
metal
(TM)
catalysis
has
become
one
most
important
toolboxes
used
for
synthesizing
optically
pure
compounds
containing
chiral
quaternary
centers,
including
spiro
heterocyclic
molecules.
The
dominant
method
in
enantioselective
synthesis
based
on
synergistic
includes
aminocatalysis
and
NHC
catalysis,
as
already
established
covalent
organocatalytic
strategies.
Another
area
widely
combined
TM
producing
enantiomerically
enriched
is
non‐covalent
dominated
by
phosphoric
acids,
thiourea,
squaramide
derivatives.
This
review
article
aims
to
summarize
methods
constructing
spirocyclic
heterocycles
a
catalysis.
