Innovation and Green Development,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
3(3), P. 100149 - 100149
Published: May 28, 2024
Hydrogen
energy
systems
(HES)
are
increasingly
recognized
as
pivotal
in
cutting
global
carbon
dioxide
(CO2)
emissions,
especially
transportation,
power
generation,
and
industrial
sectors.
This
paper
offers
a
comprehensive
review
of
HES,
emphasizing
their
diverse
applications
economic
viability.
By
2030,
hydrogen
is
expected
to
revolutionize
various
sectors,
significantly
impacting
CO2
abatement
demand.
In
electricity
could
reduce
emissions
by
50–100
million
tons
annually,
requiring
10–20
an
investment
$50–100
billion,
underscoring
its
role
grid
stabilization.
Additionally,
the
heating
sector,
facilitate
30–50
tons.
We
examine
levelized
cost
(LCOH)
production,
influenced
factors
like
production
methods,
efficiency,
infrastructure.
While
steam
methane
reforming
cost-effective,
it
poses
larger
environmental
impact
compared
electrolysis.
The
life-cycle
decreases
scales
up,
with
current
costs
ranging
from
$1–3
per
kg
for
fossil-based
sources
$3.4–7.5
electrolysis
using
low-emission
electricity.
These
projected
decrease,
electrolytic
regions
abundant
solar
energy.
However,
despite
technical
feasibility
decarbonization,
high
still
pose
challenges.
A
systematic
effective
transition
economy
requires
policy
financial
support
mechanisms,
including
incentives,
subsidies,
tax
measures,
funding
research
development
pilot
projects.
discusses
hydrogen's
advanced
storage
technologies
such
hydrides
Japan's
ENE-FARM
solution
residential
energy,
need
strategic
investments
across
value
chain
enhance
HES
competitiveness,
LCOH,
advance
learning
rates
technologies.
For
more
than
a
decade,
the
U.S.
Department
of
Energy
(DOE)
has
funded
basic
and
applied
research
development
(R&D)
related
to
critical
materials
address
scientific
technological
(S&T)
challenges
that
underpin
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
123(3), P. 989 - 1039
Published: Dec. 29, 2022
Porous
flow
fields
distribute
fuel
and
oxygen
for
the
electrochemical
reactions
of
proton
exchange
membrane
(PEM)
cells
through
their
pore
network
instead
conventional
channels.
This
type
has
showed
great
promises
in
enhancing
reactant
supply,
heat
removal,
electrical
conduction,
reducing
concentration
performance
loss
improving
operational
stability
cells.
review
presents
research
development
progress
porous
with
insights
next-generation
PEM
high
power
density
(e.g.,
∼9.0
kW
L–1).
Materials,
fabrication
methods,
fundamentals,
cell
associated
are
discussed
depth.
Major
challenges
described
explained,
along
several
future
directions,
including
separated
gas/liquid
configurations,
integrated
structure,
full
morphology
modeling,
data-driven
artificial
intelligence-assisted
design/optimization.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Aug. 23, 2023
The
sluggish
kinetics
of
oxygen
evolution
reaction
(OER)
and
high
iridium
loading
in
catalyst
coated
membrane
(CCM)
are
the
key
challenges
for
practical
proton
exchange
water
electrolyzer
(PEMWE).
Herein,
we
demonstrate
high-surface-area
nano-metal
diborides
as
promising
supports
iridium-based
OER
nanocatalysts
realizing
efficient,
low-iridium-loading
PEMWE.
Nano-metal
prepared
by
a
novel
disulphide-to-diboride
transition
route,
which
entropy
contribution
to
Gibbs
free
energy
generation
gaseous
sulfur-containing
products
plays
crucial
role.
diborides,
TaB2
particular,
investigated
support
IrO2
nanocatalysts,
finally
forms
TaOx/IrO2
heterojunction
catalytic
layer
on
surface.
Multiple
advantageous
properties
achieved
simultaneously
resulting
composite
material
(denoted
IrO2@TaB2),
including
electrical
conductivity,
improved
mass
activity
enhanced
corrosion
resistance.
As
consequence,
IrO2@TaB2
can
be
used
fabricate
electrode
with
low
0.15
mg
cm-2,
give
an
excellent
performance
(3.06
A
[email protected]
V@80
oC)
PEMWE-the
one
that
is
usually
inaccessible
unsupported
Ir-based
vast
majority
existing
supported
catalysts
at
such
loading.
Energy & Environmental Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
16(4), P. 1466 - 1479
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
In-depth
discussions
on
the
motivation
and
latest
advancements
for
designing
ultralow
platinum
loading
PEMFCs,
along
with
important
technical
routes
development
procedures.
Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
2(6), P. 100121 - 100121
Published: Aug. 20, 2023
Battery
electric
vehicles
(BEVs)
and
fuel
cell
(FCEVs),
whose
exhaust
pipes
emit
nothing,
are
examples
of
zero-emission
automobiles.
FCEVs
should
be
considered
an
additional
technology
that
will
help
battery-powered
to
reach
the
aspirational
goal
zero-emissions
mobility,
particularly
in
situations
where
customers
demand
for
longer
driving
ranges
using
batteries
would
insufficient
due
bulky
battery
trays
time-consuming
recharging.
This
study
stipulates
a
current
evaluation
status
development
challenges
related
(i)
research
gap
promote
fuel-cell
based
HEVs,
(ii)
key
barriers
(iii)
advancement
mobility
their
power
drive,
(iv)
electrochemistry
FCEVs,
(v)
transformation
topologies,
communication
protocols,
advanced
charging
methods,
(vi)
recommendations
future
prospects
(vii)
trends
EVs,
FCEVs.
article
discusses
with
such
as
low
performance,
cold
starts,
problems
hydrogen
storage,
cost-reduction,
safety
concerns,
traction
systems.
The
operating
characteristics
applications
several
technologies
investigated
FCHEVs.
An
overview
is
provided,
which
serves
primary
source
energy
FCHEVs,
along
comparisons
its
electrochemistry.
enhanced
techniques
FCHEVs
has
been
studied
analytically.
Recent
advancements
discussed
order
influence
vehicle
market
attain
aim
zero
emissions.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
48(42), P. 15771 - 15783
Published: Jan. 31, 2023
The
goal
of
achieving
water
electrolysis
on
a
gigawatt
scale
faces
numerous
challenges
regarding
technological
feasibility
and
market
application.
Here,
the
flexibility
operation
scenarios,
such
as
load
changes
capacity,
plays
key
role.
This
raises
question
how
flexible
systems
currently
are
what
possibilities
there
to
increase
flexibility.
In
order
be
able
answer
this
in
following,
systematic
literature
research
was
carried
out
with
aim
show
current
technical
adapt
capacity
technologies
determine
limits.
result
is
an
overview
matrix
types
AEL,
PEMEL,
HTEL
AEMEL
already
applied
market.
Technical
data
respective
stacks
well
details
materials
for
stack
structure
(cathode,
anode,
electrolyte)
were
summarized.
individual
addressed
by
expressing
it
values
startup-times.
contains
from
various
sour1ces
make
comparable
at
level
statements
about
article
shows
still
open
need
development
more
flexible.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(35)
Published: May 5, 2023
Abstract
The
performance
of
alkaline
fuel
cells
is
severely
limited
by
substandard
anion
exchange
membranes
(AEMs)
due
to
the
lower
ionic
conductivity
compared
proton
membranes.
AEMs
can
be
effectively
improved
regulating
microphase
structure,
but
it
still
cannot
meet
practical
use
requirements.
Here,
enhanced
microphase‐separated
structures
are
constructed
cooperativity
highly
hydrophilic
dual
cations
and
hydrophobic
fluorinated
side
chains.
Meanwhile,
introduction
O
enhances
flexibility
chains
facilitates
formation
ion
transport
channels.
piperidinium
cation
functionalized
membrane
(PB2Pip‐5C8F)
which
grafted
with
ultra‐hydrophobic
fluorocarbon
chain
exhibits
a
high
74.4
mS
cm
−1
at
30
°C
168.46
80
°C.
Furthermore,
PB2Pip‐5C8F
achieves
highest
peak
power
density
718
mW
−2
under
current
1197
mA
without
back
pressure.
A
long‐term
life
cell
test
this
AEM
shows
low
voltage
decay
rate
1.68
mV
h
over
70
operation
