Molecular Level Understanding of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Depolymerization in Base/Alcohol Hybrid Systems DOI
Hyejin Yu, Younghoon Oh, Yu Lim Kim

et al.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 27, 2025

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) depolymerization in base/alcohol hybrid systems represents a promising low-energy approach for chemically recycling PET waste into valuable monomers. This study investigates the mechanistic pathways of NaOH/alcohol solutions, emphasizing competing roles hydroxide and alkoxide species. Utilizing combination experimental techniques, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we explore how factors such as base concentration, alcohol chain length, pKa values alcohols influence efficiency pathways. Our findings indicate that ions (RO-) exhibit notably higher reactivity than (HO-), favoring an alcoholysis pathway system. Experimental results across series C1 to C5 show longer-chain alcohols, particularly 1-butanol, achieve conversion, although this does not align solely with simple nucleophilicity trends alkoxides. While DFT calculations reveal comparable activation energies various alkoxides depolymerization, MD simulations underscore significant role forming more stable or frequent interactions PET. Additionally, influenced by alcohol's pKa, directly impacts conversion. These suggest is governed balance between concentration alkoxide-PET interactions, rather alone. From practical perspective, incorporating long-chain cosolvents may enhance process but increases raw material costs approximately 30%. However, present safer sustainable alternative hazardous dichloromethane. work offers molecular-level understanding provides insights optimizing these efficient processes.

Language: Английский

Chemical recycling of Polyethylene terephthalate: A mini-review DOI Creative Commons
Mahsa Babaei, Milad Jalilian, Kaveh Shahbaz

et al.

Journal of environmental chemical engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 112507 - 112507

Published: March 15, 2024

Plastic waste management, particularly addressing the challenges of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste, has become increasingly urgent in face escalating environmental concerns. This paper critically examines glycolysis-based PET recycling, focusing on its potential as a promising solution. Despite lightweight properties and cost-effectiveness advantages, poses multifaceted challenges, including contaminant removal, scale-up hurdles, economic viability. Catalyst optimization maintaining end-product quality are crucial for enhancing recycling efficiency market acceptance. Moreover, this review underscores importance impact assessments regulatory compliance guiding sustainable management practices. To overcome infrastructure limitations foster global collaboration, concerted efforts needed to educate consumers facilitate international cooperation. By these holds promise mitigating plastic pollution promoting circular economy. The highlights recent advancements applications resultant product, Bis HydroxyEthl Terephthalate (BHET).

Language: Английский

Citations

49
Neutral Hydrolysis of Post-Consumer Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste in Different Phases DOI
Patrícia Pereira, Phillip E. Savage, Christian W. Pester

et al.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(18), P. 7203 - 7209

Published: April 26, 2023

Post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was hydrolyzed in pure water over a wide range of temperatures (190–400 °C) and pressures (1–35 MPa) to produce terephthalic acid (TPA). Solid or molten PET subjected as saturated vapor, superheated liquid, compressed supercritical fluid. The highest TPA yields were observed for the hydrolysis liquid water. Isothermal non-isothermal also explored. Rapidly heating reactor contents at about 5–10 °C/s ("fast" hydrolysis) led high yields, did isothermal hydrolysis, but within 1 min instead 30 min. Notably, these conditions resulted lowest environmental energy impact metric date uncatalyzed hydrolysis.

Language: Английский

Citations

43
Recycled polymer: Green roads for polyester plastics DOI Creative Commons

Rulin Yang,

Guangqiang Xu, Wen‐Jie Tao

et al.

Green Carbon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 1 - 11

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

Plastics are integral to numerous significant social advancements. Nonetheless, their contribution environmental pollution and climate crises cannot be disregarded, as negative impact on the environment increases with incremental production capacity demand. Concerted global action is urgently required promote green recycle of plastics prevent accumulation in mitigate carbon emissions. This review aims reveal paths development for polyester plastics, incorporating trends revolution mature commercial newly emerging biodegradable future plastics. A critical discussion was conducted current potential research areas from multiple perspectives, including raw materials, processes, recycling, propel us into a marked by sustainability.

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Textile production by additive manufacturing and textile waste recycling: a review DOI
Weiqiang Fan, Yongzhen Wang, Rulin Liu

et al.

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 1929 - 1987

Published: April 5, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Uncatalyzed Neutral Hydrolysis of Waste PET Bottles into Pure Terephthalic Acid DOI

Chizoom N. Onwucha,

C. O. Ehi‐Eromosele,

Samuel O. Ajayi

et al.

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(16), P. 6378 - 6385

Published: April 11, 2023

Hydrolysis of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into terephthalic acid (TPA) is a promising recycling method to manage this and can also serve as feedstock for the re-production PET. However, drawbacks are low degradation efficiency, complex/ecounfriendly separation products, TPA purity. In work, PET bottles were completely depolymerized using an uncatalyzed neutral hydrolysis, which was accompanied by very simple solid product with no purification step. The influences experimental parameters, such hydrolysis time, addition ethylene glycol cosolvent, PET/water ratio on yield purity, investigated. Qualitative analyses showed that from process TPA, consistent commercial purified TPA. results long in absence any catalyst high ratio, favored increased yield, selectivity, ∼86 ∼98% time 6 24 h. Furthermore, consisted large particles easy obtain without complex extractive processes. This facile green approach depolymerization pure isolation/purification steps promises more efficient inexpensive route its full commercialization.

Language: Английский

Citations

38
Selective depolymerization of PET to monomers from its waste blends and composites at ambient temperature DOI
Shun Zhang, Wenhao Xu,

Rongcheng Du

et al.

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 470, P. 144032 - 144032

Published: June 12, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

29
From Polyester Plastics to Diverse Monomers via Low‐Energy Upcycling DOI Creative Commons
Lei Ji, Jiaolong Meng, Chengliang Li

et al.

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(25)

Published: April 16, 2024

Abstract Polyester plastics, constituting over 10% of the total plastic production, are widely used in packaging, fiber, single‐use beverage bottles, etc. However, their current depolymerization processes face challenges such as non‐broad spectrum recyclability, lack diversified high‐value‐added products, and crucially high energy consumption. Herein, an efficient strategy is developed for dismantling compact structure polyester plastics to achieve diverse monomer recovery. undergo swelling decrystallization with a low barrier via synergistic effects polyfluorine/hydrogen bonding, which further demonstrated density functional theory calculations. The process elucidated through scanning electron microscopy analysis. Obvious destruction crystalline region X‐ray crystal diffractometry curves. PET undergoes different aminolysis efficiently, yielding nine corresponding monomers low‐energy upcycling. Furthermore, four types five blended closed‐loop recycled, affording exceeding 90% yields. Kilogram‐scale real polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste successfully achieved 96% yield.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Depolymerization of Polyester Fibers with Dimethyl Carbonate-Aided Methanolysis DOI Creative Commons
Shinji Tanaka, Maito Koga,

Takashi Kuragano

et al.

ACS Materials Au, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(3), P. 335 - 345

Published: March 18, 2024

Polyester fibers, comprising mostly poly(ethylene terephthalate) with high crystalline content, represent the most commonly produced plastic for ubiquitous textiles, and approximately 60 million tons are manufactured annually worldwide. Considering social issues of mismanaged waste from used textile products, there is an urgent demand sustainable polyester fiber recycling methods. We developed a low-temperature, rapid, efficient depolymerization method fibers. By utilizing methanolysis dimethyl carbonate as trapping agent ethylene glycol, fibers products proceeded at 50 °C 2 h, affording terephthalate (DMT) in >90% yield. This strategy allowed us to depolymerize even practical textiles blended other selectively isolate DMT yields. was also applicable colored analytically pure isolated via decolorization processes.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
A review on sustainable PET recycling: Strategies and trends DOI
Chayanika Bharadwaj, Ravi Purbey, Dipjyoti Bora

et al.

Materials Today Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27, P. 100936 - 100936

Published: July 28, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

9
Catalyst‐ and Solvent‐Free Upcycling of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Waste to Biodegradable Plastics DOI

Tianxiang Fang,

Weipo Jiang,

Tengfei Zheng

et al.

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(46)

Published: Aug. 4, 2024

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is an important polymer with annual output second only to polyethylene. Due its low biodegradability, a large amount of PET recycled for sustainable development. However, current strategies recycling are limited by added value or small product scale. It urgent make breakthrough on the principle macromolecular reaction and efficiently prepare products high wide applications. Here, catalyst- solvent-free synthesis biodegradable plastics reported through novel carboxyl-ester transesterification between waste bio-based hydrogenated dimer acid (HDA), which can directly substitute some terephthalic (TPA) units in chain HDA unit. This be facilely carried out equipment polyester industry without any additional catalyst solvent, thus enabling low-cost large-scale production. Furthermore, semi-bio-based copolyester shows excellent mechanical properties, regulable flexibility good expected poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) plastic as value-added materials. work provides environmental-friendly economic strategy upcycling waste.

Language: Английский

Citations

9