RSC Sustainability,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
2(1), P. 37 - 90
Published: Nov. 9, 2023
This
tutorial
review
aims
at
providing
a
complete
overview
of
the
strategies
for
conversion
lignocellulose
in
current
and
future
biorefineries,
with
particular
focus
on
transformation
lignin
toward
valuable
products.
Cleaner Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13, P. 100253 - 100253
Published: June 13, 2024
The
development
of
sustainable
and
effective
methods
for
extracting
lignin
is
crucial
achieving
the
advantages
promoting
shift
towards
a
more
circular
bioeconomy.
This
study
addresses
use
environmentally
friendly
processes,
including
organosolv
technique,
supercritical
fluid
(SCF),
non-thermal
plasma
(NTP),
ionic
liquids
(ILs),
deep
eutectic
solvents
(DES),
microwave
assisted
extraction
(MAE)
techniques
extraction.
Organosolv
treatment
offers
high
selectivity
purity
make
this
process
economically
feasible.
Using
water,
carbon
dioxide,
or
ethanol
to
extract
without
harmful
successful
customizable.
NTP
technologies
break
down
lignin,
simplifying
processing
increasing
its
value.
Whereas
ILs
may
boost
synthesis
change
properties
via
solvent
design.
DES-based
can
efficiently
specifically
lignin.
rapid
MAE
method
employs
radiation
reduce
times
yields
These
feature
selectivity,
little
environmental
impact,
capacity
target
fractions.
describes
fundamentals,
benefits,
drawbacks
each
process,
focusing
on
their
ability
large
scale
future
usage.
Additionally,
review
explores
most
recent
advancements
in
application
sector,
as
well
challenges
potential
valorizing
streams
derived
from
extraction,
thereby
fostering
solutions.
research
concludes
that
overcome
challenges,
need
address
concerns,
cost,
emissions,
efficient
use.
Carbon Energy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 9, 2025
Abstract
Carbon
fibers
(CFs)
with
notable
comprehensive
properties,
such
as
light
weight,
high
specific
strength,
and
stiffness,
have
garnered
considerable
interest
in
both
academic
industrial
fields
due
to
their
diverse
advanced
applications.
However,
the
commonly
utilized
precursors,
polyacrylonitrile
pitch,
exhibit
a
lack
of
environmental
sustainability,
costs
are
heavily
reliant
on
fluctuating
petroleum
prices.
To
meet
substantial
market
demand
for
CFs,
significant
efforts
been
made
develop
cost‐effective
sustainable
CFs
derived
from
biomass.
Lignin,
most
abundant
polyphenolic
compound
nature,
is
emerging
promising
precursor
which
well‐suited
production
its
renewable
low
cost,
carbon
content,
aromatic
structures.
Nevertheless,
majority
lignin
raw
materials
currently
pulping
biorefining
by‐products,
heterogeneous
restricting
industrialization
lignin‐derived
CFs.
This
review
classifies
fossil‐derived
biomass‐derived
starting
sources
chemical
structures
lignin,
outlines
preparation
methods
linked
performance
A
discussion
presented
relationship
between
structural
characteristics
spinning
preparation,
structure‐morphology‐property
Additionally,
potential
applications
these
various
domains,
including
energy,
catalysis,
composites,
other
products,
also
described
objective
spotlighting
unique
merits
lignin.
Finally,
current
challenges
faced
future
prospects
advancement
proposed.
