A Review of Biodegradable Plastics: Chemistry, Applications, Properties, and Future Research Needs

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(16), P. 9915 - 9939

Published: July 20, 2023

Environmental concerns over waste plastics' effect on the environment are leading to creation of biodegradable plastics. Biodegradable plastics may serve as a promising approach manage issue environmental accumulation plastic in ocean and soil. type polymers that can be degraded by microorganisms into small molecules (e.g., H2O, CO2, CH4). However, there misconceptions surrounding For example, term "biodegradable" product labeling misconstrued public imply will degrade under any conditions. Such misleading information leads consumer encouragement excessive consumption certain goods increased littering products labeled "biodegradable". This review not only provides comprehensive overview state-of-the-art but also clarifies definitions various terms associated with plastics, including oxo-degradable enzyme-mediated biodegradation agents. Analytical techniques standard test methods evaluate biodegradability polymeric materials alignment international standards summarized. The summarizes properties industrial applications previously developed then discusses how biomass-derived monomers create new types utilizing their unique chemical from oxygen-containing functional groups. terminology methodologies covered paper provide perspective directions for design possess advanced performance practical benefits.

Language: Английский

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Circular Economy and Green Chemistry: The Need for Radical Innovative Approaches in the Design for New Products

Energies, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 1752 - 1752

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

The idea of a circular economy (CE) has gained ground over the past ten years as means addressing sustainable development and getting around limitations current linear dominant production consumption patterns. primary goal CE is to encourage adoption closing-the-loop methods improve resource use efficiency, modify chemical processes, increase product material lifespan. According 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which focuses on 17 Development Goals, 14 call appropriate application green chemistry (GC) concepts patterns, role that may play in shift toward more models critical. By serving foundation novel products made from renewable feedstocks designed be reused, recycled, or recovered with associated minimum energy requirements, could key unlocking economic potential new design ultimately solving waste management problems. aim this perspective paper, while using variety literature sources, essentially capture main issues GC paradigms how these two approaches can merge business materials. This integration reducing waste, conserving resources, minimizing negative environmental impacts, also considering viability. However, obstacles achieving implementation principles are investment, education, legislation. To advance chemistry, international agreements should reconsidered provide an framework, including creation incentives businesses individuals adopt practices, establishment education programs promote benefits regulations support transition

Language: Английский

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Plastics can be used more sustainably in agriculture

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

Abstract Plastics have become an integral component in agricultural production as mulch films, nets, storage bins and many other applications, but their widespread use has led to the accumulation of large quantities soils. Rational reduction, collection, reuse, innovative recycling are key measures curb plastic pollution from agriculture. that cannot be collected after must biodegradable environmentally benign manner. Harmful additives replaced with safer alternatives reduce toxicity burdens included ongoing negotiations surrounding United Nations Treaty. Although full substitution plastics is currently not possible without increasing overall environmental footprint jeopardizing food security, smaller impacts should used endorsed within a clear socio-economic framework. Better monitoring reporting, technical innovation, education training, social economic incentives imperative promote more sustainable

Language: Английский

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“Functional upcycling” of polymer waste towards the design of new materials

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(14), P. 4755 - 4832

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Diversification of polymer waste recycling is one the solutions to improve current environmental scenario. Upcycling a promising strategy for converting into molecular intermediates and high-value products. Although catalytic transformations small molecules have been actively discussed, methods characteristics upcycling new materials not yet addressed. Recently, functionalisation wastes (polyethylene terephthalate bottles, polypropylene surgical masks, rubber tires, etc.) their conversion with enhanced functionality proposed as an appealing alternative dealing recycling/treatment. In this review, term 'functional upcycling' introduced designate any method post-polymerisation modification or surface without considerable chain destruction produce upcycled material added value. This review explores functional detailed consideration most common polymers, i.e., polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, rubber. We discuss composition plastic waste, reactivity, available physical/chemical agents modification, interconnection between properties application. To date, successfully applied adsorbents (including CO2), catalysts, electrode energy storage sensing, demonstrating high Importantly, reviewed reports indicated that specific performance generally comparable higher than similar prepared from virgin feedstock. All these advantages promote diversification approach against postprocessing employed waste. Finally, identify limitations suggest future scope research each polymer, we comparatively analysed aspects those chemical mechanical recycling, considering resource costs, toxicity used chemicals, footprint, value product.

Language: Английский

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Hydroformylation of pyrolysis oils to aldehydes and alcohols from polyolefin waste

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 381(6658), P. 660 - 666

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Waste plastics are an abundant feedstock for the production of renewable chemicals. Pyrolysis waste produces pyrolysis oils with high concentrations olefins (>50 weight %). The traditional petrochemical industry uses several energy-intensive steps to produce from fossil feedstocks such as naphtha, natural gas, and crude oil. In this work, we demonstrate that oil can be used aldehydes through hydroformylation, taking advantage olefin functionality. These then reduced mono- dialcohols, oxidized dicarboxylic acids, or aminated diamines by using homogeneous heterogeneous catalysis. This route high-value oxygenated chemicals low-value postconsumer recycled polyethylene. We project produced could lower greenhouse gas emissions ~60% compared their petroleum feedstocks.

Language: Английский

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Depolymerization within a Circular Plastics System

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124(5), P. 2617 - 2650

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

The societal importance of plastics contrasts with the carelessness which they are disposed. Their superlative properties lead to economic and environmental efficiency, but linearity puts climate, human health, global ecosystems at risk. Recycling is fundamental transitioning this linear model into a more sustainable, circular economy. Among recycling technologies, chemical depolymerization offers route virgin quality recycled plastics, especially when valorizing complex waste streams poorly served by mechanical methods. However, exists in interlinked system end-of-life fates, complementarity each approach key environmental, economic, sustainability. This review explores recent progress made five commercial polymers: poly(ethylene terephthalate), polycarbonates, polyamides, aliphatic polyesters, polyurethanes. Attention paid not only catalytic technologies used enhance efficiencies also interrelationship other systemic constraints imposed Novel polymers, designed for depolymerization, concisely reviewed terms their underlying chemistry potential integration current plastic systems.

Language: Английский

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Co-upcycling of polyvinyl chloride and polyesters

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(12), P. 1685 - 1692

Published: Oct. 9, 2023

Language: Английский

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Recycling and the end of life assessment of fluoropolymers: recent developments, challenges and future trends

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(13), P. 4208 - 4247

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Herein, we present the state of art technology on recycling, reuse, thermal decomposition, and life cycle assessment fluoropolymers (FPs, ranging from PTFE PVDF to various fluorinated copolymers based VDF TFE).

Language: Английский

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Chemically recyclable polyolefin-like multiblock polymers

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 382(6668), P. 310 - 314

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

Polyolefins are the most important and largest volume plastics produced. Unfortunately, enormous use of lack effective disposal or recycling options have created a plastic waste catastrophe. In this work, we report an approach to create chemically recyclable polyolefin-like materials with diverse mechanical properties through construction multiblock polymers from hard soft oligomeric building blocks synthesized ruthenium-mediated ring-opening metathesis polymerization cyclooctenes. The exhibit broad properties, spanning elastomers plastomers thermoplastics, while integrating high melting transition temperature (

Language: Английский

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Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment for catalytic fast pyrolysis of mixed plastic waste

Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 3638 - 3653

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This study analyzes catalytic fast pyrolysis as a conversion technology for mixed plastic waste, highlighting key economic and environmental drivers potential opportunities process improvements.

Language: Английский

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