Lignin‐Stabilized Tough, Sticky, and Recyclable Liquid Metal/Protein Organogels for Multifunctional Epidermal Smart Materials

Small, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(46)

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

Abstract Biomass‐encapsulated liquid metals (LMs) composite gels have aroused tremendous attention as epidermal smart materials due to their biocompatibility and sustainability. However, they can still not simultaneously possess toughness, adhesion, recoverability. In this work, the tough, sticky, recyclable protein‐encapsulated LMs organogels (GLM x ) are fabricated through micro‐interfacial stabilization of by lignin following preparation food‐making inspired gels. With help modification, micro‐drops demonstrated uniform dispersion in protein matrix, well dense non‐covalent interactions (e.g., H─bond hydrophobic interaction) with amino acid residues peptide chains, which endowed GLM high conductivity (≈5.4 S m −1 ), toughness (≈738.2 kJ −3 self‐adhesiveness (a maximal lap‐shear strength ≈58.3 kPa), By tightly adhering onto human skin, act sensors detect drastic joint bending) subtle body movements swallowing) even recognize handwriting speaking real‐time. Moreover, also harvest solar energy convert it into heat electricity, is promising self‐powered intelligent devices. Thus, work paves a facile way prepare protein/LMs that suitable for multiple applications like healthcare, human‐robot interactions, conversion.

Language: Английский

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Advancements in Flexible Sensors for Monitoring Body Movements during Sleep: A Review

Sensors, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(16), P. 5091 - 5091

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

Sleep plays a role in maintaining our physical well-being. However, sleep-related issues impact millions of people globally. Accurate monitoring sleep is vital for identifying and addressing these problems. While traditional methods like polysomnography (PSG) are commonly used settings, they may not fully capture natural patterns at home. Moreover, PSG equipment can disrupt quality. In recent years, there has been growing interest the use sensors monitoring. These lightweight be easily integrated into textiles or wearable devices using technology. The flexible designed skin contact to offer continuous without being obtrusive home environment. This review presents an overview advancements made tracking body movements during sleep, which focus on their principles, mechanisms, strategies improved flexibility, practical applications, future trends.

Language: Английский

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Nucleobase‐Driven Wearable Ionogel Electronics for Long‐Term Human Motion Detection and Electrophysiological Signal Monitoring

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 29, 2024

Abstract Ionogels are considered as ideal candidates for constructing flexible electronics due to their superior electrical conductivity, flexibility, high thermal and electrochemical stability. However, it remains a great challenge simultaneously achieve sensitivity, repeated adhesion, good self‐healing, biocompatibility through straightforward strategy. Herein, inspired by nucleobase‐tackified strategy, multifunctional adhesive ionogel is developed one‐step radical polymerization of acrylated adenine/uracil (Aa/Ua) acrylic acid (AA) monomers in sodium caseinate (SC) stabilized liquid metal dispersions. As soft conductive filler, the incorporating not only improves but also enhances mechanical strength, satisfying stretchable sensing application. The large amount noncovalent interactions (hydrogen bonding, coordination, ion‐dipole interactions) within networks enable ionogels possess excellent stretchability, skin‐like softness, strong adhesion. Based on these desirable characteristics, suitable wearable strain sensors precisely detect diverse human movements under extreme environments. Moreover, seamless adhesion with skin allows function bioelectrode patch long‐term high‐quality electrophysiological signal acquisition. This research provides promising strategy designing tailored functionalities that satisfy application requirements.

Language: Английский

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Triboelectric nanogenerator based on well-dispersed and oxide-free liquid metal-doped conductive hydrogel as self-powered wearable sensor for respiratory and thyroid cartilage signal monitoring

Nano Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 134, P. 110530 - 110530

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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Flexible Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits (3D ICs) Based on Liquid Metal

Wearable electronics., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 1 - 17

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Neural electrodes for brain‐computer interface system: From rigid to soft

BMEMat, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 12, 2025

Abstract Brain‐computer interface (BCI) is an advanced technology that establishes a direct connection between the brain and external devices, enabling high‐speed real‐time information exchange. In BCI systems, electrodes are key devices responsible for transmitting signals including recording electrophysiological electrically stimulating nerves. Early were mainly composed of rigid materials. The mismatch in Young's modulus soft biological tissue can lead to rejection reactions within system, resulting electrode failure. Furthermore, prone damaging tissues during implantation use. Recently, flexible have garnered attention field science research due their better adaptability softness curvature brain. design effectively reduce mechanical damage neural improve accuracy stability signal transmission, providing new tools methods exploring function mechanisms developing novel technologies. Here, we review advancements systems. This paper emphasizes importance discusses limitations traditional electrodes, introduces various types detail. addition, also explore practical application scenarios future development trends technology, aiming offer valuable insights enhancing performance user experience

Language: Английский

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Liquid Metal–Polymer Hydrogel Composites for Sustainable Electronics: A Review

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(4), P. 905 - 905

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

Hydrogels, renowned for their hydrophilic and viscoelastic properties, have emerged as key materials flexible electronics, including electronic skins, wearable devices, soft sensors. However, the application of pure double network hydrogel-based composites is limited by poor chemical stability, low mechanical stretchability, sensitivity. Recent research has focused on overcoming these limitations incorporating conductive fillers, such liquid metals (LMs), into hydrogel matrices or creating continuous paths through LMs within polymer matrix. LMs, eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) alloys, offer exceptional electromechanical, electrochemical, thermal conductivity, self-repairing making them ideal candidates diverse applications. The integration hydrogels improves conductivity performance while addressing challenges posed rigid mismatched compliance with This review explores incorporation composites, faced in achieving optimal dispersion, unique functionalities introduced composites. We also discuss recent advances use LM droplets polymerization processes applications various fields, tissue engineering, biomedical applications, electromagnetic shielding, energy harvesting, storage. Additionally, 3D-printable are highlighted. Despite promise LM-based hydrogels, macrophase separation, weak interfacial interactions between networks, difficulty printing inks onto substrates limit broader application. this proposes solutions to challenges.

Language: Английский

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Smart hydrogels with liquid metals: structural design, properties, and applications

Polymer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 128171 - 128171

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Study on the size and spatial configuration of liquid metal droplets in conductive hydrogels induced by surface acoustic waves

Lab on a Chip, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Conductive hydrogels based on liquid metal microdroplets are widely used as wearable electronic devices. Droplet uniformity affects sensor sensitivity for weak signals, such heart rate and pulse rate. Surface acoustic waves at micrometer wavelengths allow precise control of a single droplet, have the potential to make uniformly discrete droplets distribute them in hydrogels. But law droplet size its spatial configuration by surface is not clear. The aim this paper present an analysis regulation mechanism interfacial evolution fluids with high tension coefficients, investigate influence microdroplet generation characteristics (size spacing) conductive mechanical properties results showed that combined action radiation force, shear force pressure difference helped overcome speed up necking process during filling squeezing stages. use serves diminish two-phase flow This provides effective approach achieving decoupled spacing, alongside formation homogenous array droplets. wave effect makes more uniform spacing. As content relative hydrogel substrate solution increases, decreases. hydrogel's initial conductivity after self-healing increase 10% 25%, respectively, which can realize monitoring ECG EMG signals. study helps reveal liquid-metal interfaces induced waves, elucidate effects spacing hydrogels, provide theoretical guidance high-precision preparation

Language: Английский

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A simple route of providing a soft interface for PEDOT:PSS film metallic electrodes without loss of their electrical interface parameters

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 21, 2024

The work presents the procedure of developing a soft interface at PEDOT:PSS film without changing its electrical parameters. In first step, is electrodeposited on commercial platinum electrode under state-of-the-art conditions desirable for different electrochemical electrodes. Secondly, pure hydrogel layer deposited top conditions, that provide mechanical properties (Young’s modulus ~ 10–20 kPa) and high permeability to ions from solution. As result, with applications fabricated. exhibits parameters same level as applied already applications. Moreover, supports additionally stability polymeric by inhibiting oxidative degradation. shows specific choice type fabrication allows synthesis stiff film, which does not block ionic transfer. fabricated reveals interfacial impedance potential window comparable or even better published studies hydrogels.

Language: Английский

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