Progress in heterocyclic chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 211 - 257
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Language: Английский
Chemistry - An Asian Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(17)
Published: June 10, 2024
Abstract Zwitterionic compounds are an emergent class of energetic materials and have gained synthetic interest many in the recent years. Due to their better packing efficiencies strong inter/intramolecular electrostatic interactions, they often ensue superior properties than salt analogues. A systematic review from perspective design, synthesis, physicochemical evaluation zwitterionic is presented. Depending on parent ring(s) used for synthesis type moieties bearing positive negative charges, different classes materials, such as primary explosives, secondary heat resistant oxidizers, etc., may result. The some also compared with analogous salts. This will encourage readers explore possibility designing new materials.
Language: Английский
Citations
13
Energetic Materials Frontiers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 8 - 16
Published: Feb. 23, 2024
In the field of energetic materials, prime attention has been given to synthesis environmentally compatible materials having an adequate balance between energy and stability. For this purpose, nitrogen-rich heterocyclic rings have contributed as pivotal frameworks. Nitro-functionalized 1,2,4-triazoles profusely used a constituent for synthesizing high-performing (EMs) due their high nitrogen content, good thermal stability, modifiable sites via functionalization. Combination with different scaffold may provide opportunity accessible tailoring. work, in effort investigate potential 3-nitrotriazoles, its N-acetonitrile derivative 2 was synthesized, which further converted various explosophores. N-methylene-C bridged asymmetrically connected tetrazole (3) 1,2,4-oxadiazole (9 10) based EMs synthesized. Further tuning properties salt formation strategy employed compounds 4–7, 11 12. 1,2,4-oxadiazole-based compound 9 also confirmed X-ray diffraction analysis, 10 analyzed 15N NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 3, 4, 5, 7 exhibited stabilities were found be insensitive towards impact friction. 6, detonation performance comparable conventional explosive TATB.
Language: Английский
Citations
9
Materials Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 171 - 182
Published: Nov. 1, 2023
Energetic and physicochemical properties of 4-azido-3,5-dinitropyrazole based energetic compounds were fine-tuned by connecting it to 5-nitramino-1,2,4-oxadiazole moieties via N -methylene- C bridges salt formation strategy.
Language: Английский
Citations
17
Crystal Growth & Design, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(16), P. 6790 - 6799
Published: July 31, 2024
The dominance of nitro pyrazole-based explosives in the recently reported high-performing energetic materials motivated us to comprehensively investigate energy–stability correlation among different compounds based on 3,5-dinitro pyrazoles employing various computational methods. We also explored and physicochemical properties overlooked compound 3,5-dinitropyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (CDNP). This study revealed that CDNP exhibits highest thermal stability 4-substituted-3,5-dinitropyrazoles, combined with an acceptable performance. These characteristics are attributed its layered packing, strong intermolecular interactions, carbonyl bonds. Furthermore, dicationic salt formation further allowed fine-tune overall performance stability. dihydroxylammonium (5) shows best performance, comparable well-known traditional explosive TATB, good low sensitivity toward impact friction.
Language: Английский
Citations
8
Energetic Materials Frontiers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 105 - 111
Published: May 14, 2024
Various types of materials have been explored in the pursuit high energy density (HEDMs) that balanced and stability. Among them, energetic salts show numerous advantages, such as lower vapor pressures, physical stabilities, opportunity for favourable tuning by careful selection cations/anions. Nitrogen-rich bases are generally used cations salt formation. While synthesis with larger lowers sensitivity, smaller aid better performance. A combination both same ionic moieties might help formation a superior explosive. In this work, facile route mixed dicationic based on 1-((1H-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl)-3,5-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-4-ol (compound 1) has various combinations bigger (compounds 4-10). All synthesized showed positive heats formation, performance comparable to TATB, excellent stability towards impact friction, acceptable thermal stabilities. This improved technique will provide an additional option fine-tuning properties HEDMs facilitate exploring role overall compounds.
Language: Английский
Citations
7
Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61(8), P. 1299 - 1305
Published: June 5, 2024
Abstract In an attempt to cultivate energy‐stability balance, a series of nitrogen and oxygen‐rich high energy density materials were synthesized based on N ‐substituted 4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dinitropyrazole methylene‐linked ‐amino‐1,2,4‐bridges. The hydroxy substituent contributed oxygen content, hydrogen bonding, tunability via salt formation. On the other hand, triazole bridge delivered content thermal stability. All compounds characterized with multinuclear NMR, FTIR, HRMS, elemental analysis, their physicochemical energetic properties analyzed. Energetic 1 – 5 showed detonation performance adequate overall stabilities. Compound exhibited higher (1.84 g/cm 3 ) ( D v = 8103 m/s, P 26.9 GPa) in comparison its reported amino derivative.
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Dalton Transactions, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(42), P. 17179 - 17189
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
A family of new asymmetric N -methylene-C linked nitropyrazoles and 1,2,4-triazol-3-one based thermally stable energetic materials with reduced sensitivity has been synthesized. Background image via Canva.
Language: Английский
Citations
4
Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: Feb. 4, 2025
ABSTRACT Behind the synthesis of any new high‐energy density material is objective to achieve equilibrium between energy and stability, which becomes laborious because their adversarial nature. Nitropyrazoles, with viable syntheses easy modifiability, have been adopted typically as backbones this goal. However, acidic nature pyrazole N H in nitropyrazoles limits usefulness despite exhibiting appealing characteristics. 4‐Hydroxy‐3,5‐dinitropyrazole (HODNP) an interesting skeleton presence hydroxy functionality two nitro groups, not only provides additional oxygen content for better output but also possesses quality strong hydrogen bonding interactions tuning properties via salt formation. N‐alkylation most straightforward technique protection unwanted proton, addition making them more physically stable. In work, we synthesized ‐methylated , N’ ‐ethylene‐bridged derivatives ( 2 7 ) HODNP. Mono dicationic salts 3 ‐ 6 8 11 were boost performance further. N‐methylated neutral compound its ammonium confirmed through 15 NMR analysis, was single‐crystal analysis. All compounds showed excellent physical stability (IS >40 J, FS > 360 N), good thermal (T d 180°C). The detonation characteristics found be similar ones 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (D v = 7704–8172 m/s, p 22.4–27.3 GPa).
Language: Английский
Citations
0
ChemistrySelect, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(18)
Published: May 1, 2025
Abstract The polynitroazole plays an important role in the design of high‐energy density materials. A series nitrogen‐rich salts based on trinitromethyl‐substituted 1 H ‐1,2,4‐triazole bridging nitropyrazole was prepared. These newly synthesized were fully characterized by chemical analysis (infrared, NMR, and mass spectroscopy) as well experimental tests (thermostability sensitivities). Their detonation properties (detonation velocity, pressure, etc.) determined EXPLO5 program basis heat formation. show moderate thermostabilities low sensitivities (IS ≥ 10 J, FS 252 N) due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. most promising insensitive compound is salt 2, which possesses a high (1.80 g cm −3 ), relatively thermal stability (149 °C), sensitivity = 30 N), good velocity (8997 m s −1 ) pressure (36.7 GPa) comparable cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX). This study supports efficiency utilizing combined with systems development new high‐energy, energetic
Language: Английский
Citations
0
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(47), P. 64846 - 64857
Published: Nov. 12, 2024
The field of high energy density materials faces a long-standing challenge to achieve an optimum balance between and stability. While energetic salt formation via combination oxygen- nitrogen-rich anions (providing energy) with nitrogen-containing cations stability) has been proven approach for improving physical stability, constraints such as lowering performance remain unresolved. This can be addressed by utilizing oxygen-containing formation. However, this is rarely explored because its synthesis challenging. In work, we have designed oxygen-rich cationic precursor
Language: Английский
Citations
3