Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Water Electrolysis: Cell-Level Considerations for Gigawatt-Scale Deployment

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Hydrogen produced with no greenhouse gas emissions is termed "green hydrogen" and will be essential to reaching decarbonization targets set forth by nearly every country as per the Paris Agreement. Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) are expected contribute substantially green hydrogen market. However, PEMWE market penetration insignificant, accounting for less than a gigawatt of global capacity. Achieving substantive via require PEMWEs reach capacities hundreds gigawatts 2030. This paper serves an overarching roadmap cell-level improvements necessary gigawatt-scale deployment, insights from three well-established technology companies included. Analyses presented economies scale, renewable energy prices, government policies, accelerated stress tests, component-specific improvements.

Language: Английский

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Addressing the Challenge of Electrochemical Ionomer Oxidation in Future Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers

ACS Energy Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 3074 - 3083

Published: June 3, 2024

Hydrogen production through anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) offers cost advantages over proton-exchange counterparts, mainly due to the good oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of platinum-group-metal-free catalysts in alkaline environments. However, electrochemical oxidation ionomers at OER catalyst interface can decrease local electrode pH, which limits AEMWE performance. Various strategies single-cell-level have been explored address this issue. This work reviews current understanding ionomer and mitigate it, providing our perspective on each approach. Our analysis highlights competitive adsorption strategy as particularly promising for mitigating oxidation. Perspective also outlines future directions advancing high-performance AEMWEs other energy devices using hydrocarbon ionomers.

Language: Английский

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Dibromoxylene-crosslinked sulfonated para-PBI membranes for use in high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells operating with reformate gas

Electrochimica Acta, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 145630 - 145630

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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High‐performance poly(m-terphenyl fluorenyl)s containing long flexible side chains with dual 1,2,3-triazole and disulfonated units for proton exchange membranes

Journal of Membrane Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 718, P. 123691 - 123691

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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High-performing phenanthrene-containing poly(arylene piperidinium)s for anion exchange membranes

Journal of Membrane Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 123724 - 123724

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Promoting in-situ stability of hydroxide exchange membranes by thermally conductive network for durable water electrolysis

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Hydroxide exchange membrane (HEM) water electrolysis is promising for green hydrogen production due to its low cost and excellent performance. However, HEM often has insufficient stability in strong alkaline solutions, particularly under in-situ operation conditions, hindering commercialization. In this study, we discover that the of primarily impaired by locally accumulated heat thermal conductivity. Accordingly, propose highly thermally conductive HEMs with an efficient three-dimensional (3D) diffusion network promote electrolysis. Based on 3D network, conductivity polymeric boosted 32 times thereby reduce temperature up 4.9 °C a electrolyzer at current density 1 A cm−2. Thus, exhibits negligible degradation after 20,000 start/stop cycles reduces rate 6 compared pure electrolyzer. This study manifests significance durability electrolysis, which provides guidelines rational design durable practical conditions fuel cells, beyond. membranes are desirable but limited their instability operational conditions. Here, authors find affected can be enhanced membranes.

Language: Английский

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Isomeric Poly(arylene piperidinium) Electrolyte Membranes with High Alkaline Durability

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 26, 2025

Abstract The isomerization strategy is employed to enhance the alkaline stability of poly(arylene piperidinium)s (PAP) while maintaining monomer commerciality and polymer architecture tunability. Isomeric piperidinium) ( i ‐PAP) exhibits improved alkali resistance relative conventional PAP, as evidenced by ex situ in cell durability tests. Following treatment 10 m aqueous NaOH at 80 °C for 360 h or operation 0.4 A cm −2 100 an anion exchange membrane fuel (AEMFC) prototype, decomposition piperidinium moieties ‐PAP ≈50% that observed PAP. Moreover, through a copolymerization strategy, ‐PAP‐88 membrane, which has suppressed water absorption, reaches peak power density 1.44 W demonstrates 310 h. Furthermore, noble metal‐free (anode) AEM electrolyzer (AEMWE) achieves high current 6.43 cm⁻ 2 2.0 V excellent Faradaic efficiency 98.3%. This study highlights designing alkali‐stable polyelectrolytes mitigate degradation during electrochemical devices.

Language: Английский

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Fast and selective ion transport in ultrahigh-charge-density membranes

Nature Chemical Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Ether‐Free Alkaline Polyelectrolytes for Water Electrolyzers: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolyzers (AEMWEs) have attracted great interest for their potential as sustainable, environmentally friendly, low-cost sources of renewable energy. Alkaline polyelectrolytes play a crucial role in AEMWEs, determining performance and longevity. Because heteroatom-containing polymers been shown to poor durability alkaline conditions, this review focuses on ether-free polyelectrolytes, which are more chemically stable. The merits, weaknesses, challenges preparing AEMs summarized highlighted. evaluation synthesis methods polymers, modification strategies, cationic stability will provide insights valuable the structural design future polyelectrolytes. Moreover, situ degradation mechanisms ionomers during AEMWE operation revealed. This provides into AEMWEs accelerate widespread commercialization.

Language: Английский

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Poly(fluorene)-Based Anion Exchange Membranes for High-Performance and Durable Alkaline Water Electrolyzers: Effect of the Pendent Ammonium Structure

Energy & Fuels, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

In the quest to realize mechanically and chemically robust, highly conductive anion exchange membranes (AEMs), herein, poly(fluorene)s with alkyl-tethered piperidinium (QPip-x; x stands for targeted ion capacity) or trimethylammonium (QAF-x) cations were synthesized, relation between cationic headgroup structure resulting membrane properties was investigated. AEMs rigid poly(fluorene) backbones decorated dihexyl hydrophobic chains as one of components head groups other component exhibited a good combination high hydroxide conductivity dimensional stability. Piperidinium cation-tethered demonstrated better chemical stability than during harsh alkaline tests in 8 M KOH at 80 °C 1000 h. particular, after this test, QPip-3.00 retained 78% its initial conductivity. The AEM water electrolysis (AEMWE) single cell integrated non-PGM anode catalyst (Ni0.8Co0.2O) achieved current density 2.0 A cm–2 low voltage 1.69 V. This operable h constant 1.0 minor decay 58.6 μV h–1 following jump. performance durability AEMWE proved promising applicability hydrogen-based electrochemical devices.

Language: Английский

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