Recent Progress on the 3D Printing of Dynamically Cross‐Linked Polymers

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(2)

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

Abstract The utilization of dynamic cross‐linking represents a highly promising approach in addressing the escalating issues plastic pollution and fossil resource consumption. Despite being extensively investigated over past decade, various dynamically cross‐linked polymers (DCPs) predominantly remain confined to realm academic research. To serve as valuable material for practical application, advanced processing is always essential all kinds materials. 3D printing (3DP) enables creation intricate shapes layer‐by‐layer without relying on molds, thus integration 3DP techniques with DCPs holds significant potential enhance expand applicability DCPs. Here, an overview fundamental principles underlying compatible are provided, namely photocuring 3DP, extrusion‐based laser sintering‐based 3DP. Additionally, comprehensive summary representative research works that specifically focus application each respective technique presented. performance mechanism involved corresponding process thoroughly discussed comprehensively reviewed. Finally, existing challenges pertaining further enhancing printability, performance, efficiency, etc., deliberated upon, while proposing directions address these concerns.

Language: Английский

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New Prospects Arising from Dynamically Crosslinked Polymers: Reprogramming Their Properties

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(21)

Published: April 5, 2024

Abstract Dynamically crosslinked polymers (DCPs) have gained significant attention owing to their applications in fabricating (re)processable, recyclable, and self‐healable thermosets, which hold great promise addressing ecological issues, such as plastic pollution resource scarcity. However, the current research predominantly focuses on redefining and/or manipulating geometries while replicating bulk properties. Given inherent design flexibility of dynamic covalent networks, DCPs also exhibit a remarkable potential for various novel through postsynthesis reprogramming In this review, recent advancements strategies that enable transform properties after synthesis are presented. The underlying mechanisms associated material overviewed mainly three distinct strategies, namely latent catalysts, material‐growth, topology isomerizable networks. Furthermore, mutual relationship impact these when integrated within one system discussed. Finally, application prospects relevant issues necessitating further investigation, along with solutions analyzed.

Language: Английский

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Vitrimers for 3D Printing Technology: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Vitrimers are a class of advanced polymeric materials characterized by their dynamic covalent networks, which offer unique properties such as self-healing, reprocessability, and shape memory. The integration vitrimers into 3D printing technologies presents significant advancement in the field additive manufacturing, offering numerous benefits over traditional thermoplastics thermosets. use printing, leverages ability to be cured reformed under specific conditions, exposure light or heat. enable production high-resolution parts that can easily repaired recycled, addressing key environmental concerns associated with polymers. Their nature not only extends life printed components but also reduces waste promotes sustainability enabling recycling materials. Recent developments for have focused on optimizing performance, including enhancing mechanical strength, expanding range printable materials, improving efficiency process. Studies demonstrated achieve impressive high tensile elasticity, thermal stability, making them suitable various applications. continued research development hold promise advancing capabilities providing pathway more sustainable versatile By harnessing vitrimers, industry push boundaries what is possible material design functionality, leading innovative solutions complex engineering challenges. This article provides comprehensive review reported literature explores potential techniques. It offers detailed insight present trends field.

Language: Английский

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Thiol‐X Chemistry: A Skeleton Key Unlocking Advanced Polymers in Additive Manufacturing

Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

Abstract Using additive manufacturing (AM) technologies for the fabrication of advanced polymeric objects is a logical progression to realize their potential within engineering applications that demand complex geometries. Thiol‐X chemistry has presented itself as diverse and invaluable toolkit accomplish such, satisfying both processing requirements properties desired fabricate range using variety AM technologies. The “click” nature many thiol‐X reactions, mechanisms polymerization, functional group tolerance orthogonality, desirable achievable with presents synergistic opportunity few other chemistries can broadly facilitate. As result, use gained rapid traction in recent years it now case are being viewed two sides same coin, whereby scope limitations whole system appreciated. This review highlights advancements, status, scope, opportunities achieve polymers by critically examining structure‐property‐processing‐performance relationships between different various

Language: Английский

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Dual-vat photopolymerization 3D printing of vitrimers

Additive manufacturing, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 79, P. 103930 - 103930

Published: Dec. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Biobased Polystyrene Vitrimers for Thermoset Circularity

ACS Applied Polymer Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(21), P. 13034 - 13041

Published: Oct. 25, 2024

Thermoset polymers, known for their robust thermomechanical and chemical durability, suffer from poor recyclability due to covalent cross-linking. This study explores the tunability of adaptable networks (CANs), specifically prepolymer-derived vitrimers, which offer both durability through dynamic cross-links. By utilizing biobased vanillin methacrylate (VnMA) Priamine cross-linkers, we synthesized polystyrene (PS) vitrimers with readily tunable viscoelastic properties. The vanillin-derived PS copolymer was cross-linked varying equivalents favor different exchange mechanisms: transamination rapid processability metathesis enhanced dimensional stability. Extending prepolymer chain length above entanglement threshold also introduced physical cross-links that significantly improved creep resistance. Our findings highlight a versatile approach creating biobased, reprocessable thermosets high performance. incorporation primary ability tune mechanisms promising pathway sustainable durable polymer materials suitable various applications. methodology enhances sustainability PS-based materials, broadening commercial utility.

Language: Английский

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Microscale manipulation of bond exchange reactions in photocurable vitrimers with a covalently attachable photoacid generator

Chemical Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(39), P. 16271 - 16280

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Vitrimers are polymer networks with covalent bonds that undergo reversible exchange reactions and rearrange their topology in response to an external stimulus. The temperature-dependent change viscoelastic properties is conveniently adjusted by selected catalysts. In these thermo-activated systems, the lack spatial control can be overcome using photolatent Herein, we advance this concept locally manipulate bond on a single digit microscale level. For this, synthetize linkable non-ionic photoacid generator, which covalently attached thiol-click photopolymer. UV induced deprotection of yields strong immobilized sulfonic acid species, able efficiently catalyze transesterification reactions. Covalent attachment formed prevents migration/leaching processes enables precise tuning material properties. As proof concept, positive toned microstructures resolution 5 μm inscribed thin films direct two-photon absorption laser writing subsequent depolymerization. addition, possibility reprogram bulk demonstrated performing post-modification reaction ethylene glycol carboxylic acids. Young's modulus varied between 3.3 MPa 11.9 giving rise versatility newly introduced catalysts for creating light processable transformable materials.

Language: Английский

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The use of a sulfonium-based photoacid generator in thiol–ene photopolymers for the controlled activation of transesterification through chemical amplification

Polymer Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 321 - 331

Published: Dec. 16, 2023

Herein, we exploit chemical amplification to release –OH groups in dynamic covalent photopolymers on-demand. Via a single photon event, cascade of reactions occurs, which allows the polymers flow through thermo-activated transesterification.

Language: Английский

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Latent catalysts in vitrimers

Polymer Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(19), P. 1932 - 1936

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

A wide variety of latent catalysts are elucidated in vitrimer chemistry.

Language: Английский

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Light‐Driven, Reversible Spatiotemporal Control of Dynamic Covalent Polymers

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(47)

Published: Oct. 6, 2024

Abstract Dynamic covalent polymer networks exhibit a cross‐linked structure like conventional thermosets and elastomers, although their topology can be reorganized through externally triggered bond exchange reactions. This characteristic enables unique combination of repairability, recyclability dimensional stability, crucial for sustainable industrial economy. Herein the application photoswitchable nitrogen superbase is reported spatially resolved reversible control over dynamic within thiol‐ene photopolymer. By exposure to UV or visible light, associative between thioester links thiol groups successfully gained over, thereby macroscopic mechanical material properties, in locally controlled manner. Consequently, resulting reorganization global network utilize this previously unrealizable advanced applications such as resolved, reshaping well micro‐imprinting multiple steps. Finally, presented concept contributes fundamentally evolution polymers provides universal applicability adaptable relying on base‐catalyzed mechanism.

Language: Английский

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