Design of Experiments for Evaluating the Relevance of Change in Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Opaque Oils

Metrology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 15 - 23

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Viscosity is a physicochemical property that evaluates the resistance fuel offers to flow, influencing engine’s operation and combustion process. Its control aimed at good atomization preservation of lubricating characteristics. Changes in viscosity can lead wear on various parts engine. Viscometers typically measure fuels oil gas industry. These instruments time it takes for fluid move given distance through pipe or an object size density pass liquid. The traditional test method, ASTM D445, differentiates procedure opaque liquids from transparent ones; is, requires warm-up sample between 60 °C 65 1 h. This additional step overload laboratory routines, although not guaranteed have metrologically significant effect final result. Thus, this study evaluated relevance complying with method kinematic using 32 factorial experimental design. Based F test, p-value, confidence intervals, percentage contribution sum squares approaches concerning regression analysis, one concluded was relevant factor viscosity, specifically very low sulphur oil, Brazilian atmospheric residue diluted diesel which are fluids room temperature.

Language: Английский

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Combustion and Emission Performance from the Use of Acid-Catalysed Butanol Alcoholysis Derived Advanced Biofuel Blends in a Compression Ignition Engine

SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 1

Published: April 1, 2025

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Low-carbon alternatives to diesel are needed reduce the carbon intensity of transport, agriculture, and off-grid power generation sectors, where compression ignition (CI) engines commonly used. Acid-catalysed alcoholysis produces a potentially tailorable low-carbon advanced biofuel blend comprised mixtures an alkyl levulinate, dialkyl ether, starting alcohol. In this study, model based on products expected from use <i>n</i>-butanol (butyl-based blends) as alcohol, were blended with tested in Yanmar L100V single-cylinder CI engine. Blends formulated meet flash point, density, kinematic viscosity limits fuel standards for diesel, 2022 version BS 2869 (off-road). No changes engine set-up made, hence testing blends their potential “drop-in” fuels. Changes performance emissions determined range diesel/biofuel compared pure baseline. The ratio butyl-based components ranged between 65 – 90 vol% <i>n</i>-butyl 5 30 di-<i>n</i>-butyl 10 <i>n</i>-butanol. Formulating match physical property ensured that operation was not significantly influenced by these selected properties. Emissions CO, NO_X, total hydrocarbons (THC), PM_2.5 particle number (PN) size distributions measured. Compared baseline delays longer. brake-specific consumption some at high loads within 5% Most caused less than 3% reduction peak in-cylinder pressure loads, which contributed maintaining efficiency. PN reduced significantly. CO THC specific increased relative all blends, due derived cetane number. This however, resulted premixed combustion favouring reductions particulate emissions. competing effects adiabatic flame temperatures charge cooling effects, NO_X close those diesel. results demonstrated may have be fuels used engines.</div></div>

Language: Английский

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Performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled by Tiska 68-based synthetic fuel blends

Silniki Spalinowe/Combustion Engines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 17, 2025

This work compares and studies the performance emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine fuelled by blends fuel derived from used industrial oil. Tiska 48 oil is as raw material. By transesterification this oil, biodiesels were created combined with in proportions 15%, 30% 45%. Diesel emissions, performance, combustion calculated at nominal speed 1600 rpm load variation. The procedure experimental design for extracting new are described detail. first part study focused on identification physicochemical characterization fuels order to establish selection criteria direct use an test bench. characteristics studied liquid density, kinematic viscosity, dynamic acid number flash point. A set three mixing ratios was selected synthesis. second devoted bench tests carried out Kipor 178F engine. Synthetic tested 45% BT 68 blends. comparative out, highlighting NOx, CO, BFCS EGT each used. Blending pure synthetic reduced carbon monoxide NOx 85% 65%, respectively. biodiesel combinations perfect agreement that but slightly higher (around 9.12%) overall

Language: Английский

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Kinetic modeling of microwave-assisted esterification for biofuel additive production: conversion of levulinic acid with pentanol using Dowex® 50WX8 catalyst

Reaction Kinetics Mechanisms and Catalysis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 137(4), P. 2081 - 2103

Published: June 14, 2024

Abstract This study explores the esterification of levulinic acid with 1-pentanol, employing Dowex® 50WX8 as a catalyst under microwave irradiation. Key parameters such pentanol/acid molar ratio, temperature, and loading were evaluated utilized for kinetic modeling. The behavior reaction was investigated using dual-model approach: pseudo-homogeneous model to account effect catalytic contributions modeled through LHHW Eley–Rideal mechanisms. best chosen based on statistical results obtained from Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis, which involved an surface limiting step, resulting in activation energy 50.6 kJ mol −1 synthesis pentyl levulinate. role alcohol route explained, stability confirmed, maintaining activity over multiple cycles. absence mass transfer limitations proved Weisz–Prater criterion. A plausible pathway proposed catalyst. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Predicting the autoignition behaviour of tailorable advanced biofuel blends using automatically generated mechanisms

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(1-4), P. 105667 - 105667

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Emerging processes such as biomass alcoholysis have the potential to provide tailorable, advanced biofuels replace conventional fossil fuels. Knowledge of engine-relevant behaviour for fuels is evolving but currently limited. Simulation tools may assist in exploration this are reliant on availability robust, detailed kinetic mechanisms produce accurate predictions. Automatic mechanism generation (AMG) techniques be applied facilitate production mechanisms, long utilised databases contain high-quality and thermochemical information relevance functional groups interest. To model combustion characteristics complex fuel blends, Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG) work ethyl (ethyl levulinate, diethyl ether, ethanol) butyl (n‑butyl di-n‑butyl n-butanol) mechanisms. The predictive capabilities these evaluated against a combination literature data individual components new experimental measurements blends. Stoichiometric blend ignition delay times measured rapid compression machine at compressed pressure 20 bar temperatures 645–960 K. investigated blends formulated achieve desired research octane number (blends ELV1 BLV1) or match physical property limits diesel ELV2 BLV2). Ethyl show clear examples low temperature oxidation behaviour, not observable cases, high boiling point levulinate necessitates use significant dilution experiments. generated models degree accuracy when compared thermodynamic conditions engine technologies. blending shown by also well predicted. This highlights importance database additions/modifications based uncertainty, quality, using AMG methods.

Language: Английский

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