Nanomaterials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(23), P. 1914 - 1914
Published: Nov. 28, 2024
Solar-driven
hydrogen
generation
is
one
of
the
promising
technologies
developed
to
address
world’s
growing
energy
demand
in
an
sustainable
way.
While,
for
(otherwise
water
splitting),
photocatalytic,
photoelectrochemical,
and
PV-integrated
splitting
systems
employing
conventional
semiconductor
oxides
materials
their
electrodes
have
been
under
investigation
over
a
decade,
lead
(Pb)-
halide
perovskites
(HPs)
made
debut
2016.
Since
then,
exceptional
characteristics
these
materials,
such
as
tunable
optoelectronic
properties,
ease
processing,
high
absorption
coefficients,
long
diffusion
lengths,
positioned
them
highly
material
solar-driven
splitting.
Like
solar
photovoltaics,
field
also
dominated
by
Pb-HPs
with
ongoing
efforts
improve
stability
evolution/generation
rate
(HER).
Despite
this,
unveiling
potential
various
Pb-free
HP
compositions
photovoltaics
optoelectronics
researchers
were
inspired
explore
In
this
current
review,
we
outlined
fundamentals
splitting,
provided
summary
Pb
HPs
field,
associated
issues
are
presented.
Subsequently,
strategies
employed
improving
photocatalytic
and/or
electrochemical
activity
discussed
detail.
Finally,
review
presents
existing
future
lead-free
HPs,
which
show
enhancing
productivity
solar-to-hydrogen
conversion
technologies.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: March 21, 2025
Abstract
The
development
of
scalable
photoelectrochemical
water
splitting
with
high
solar-to-hydrogen
efficiency
and
long-term
stability
is
essential
while
challenging
for
practical
application.
Here,
we
design
a
BiVO
4
photoanode
gradient
distributed
oxygen
vacancies,
which
induces
strong
dipole
fields
to
promote
charge
separation.
Growing
sea-urchin-like
FeOOH
cocatalyst
on
the
leads
photocurrent
density
7.0
mA
cm
−2
at
1.23
V
versus
reversible
hydrogen
electrode
stable
over
520
h
under
AM
1.5
G
illumination.
By
integrating
silicon
photovoltaic
cell,
standalone
artificial
leaf
achieves
8.4%.
scale-up
these
leaves
up
441
2
in
size
can
deliver
2.7%
natural
sunlight.
Life
cycle
assessment
analysis
shows
that
solar
has
little
environmental
footprint
production.
Our
study
demonstrates
possibility
designing
metal
oxide-based
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: March 19, 2025
To
commercialize
the
technology
of
photoelectrochemical
hydrogen
production,
it
is
essential
to
surpass
US.
Department
Energy
target
0.36
mmol
h−1
cm−2
for
1-sun
production
rate.
In
this
study,
we
utilize
crystalline
silicon,
which
can
exhibit
highest
photocurrent
density
(43.37
mA
cm−2),
as
photoelectrode
material.
However,
achieving
bias-free
water
splitting
(>1.6
V)
remains
challenging
due
intrinsic
low
photovoltage
silicon
(0.6
V).
address
limitation,
replace
oxidation
with
low-potential
furfural
oxidation,
enabling
not
only
but
also
dual
at
both
cathodic
and
anodic
sides.
This
approach
results
in
a
record
rate
1.40
cm−2,
exceeding
by
more
than
fourfold.
The
authors
demonstrate
solar
system
pairing
Si
photocathode,
that
surpasses
over
four-fold.
Small,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 22, 2025
Abstract
Metal
halide
perovskite
solar
cells
(PSC)
have
emerged
as
a
promising
candidate
for
next‐generation
photovoltaic
technologies,
achieving
remarkable
power
conversion
efficiencies
(PCE)
in
polycrystalline
thin‐films.
Nonetheless,
their
PCE
and
long‐term
stability
are
often
limited
by
high
density
of
defects
at
interfaces
grain
boundaries.
One
effective
strategy
to
mitigate
these
issues
is
forming
2D/3D
heterojunction
structure
introducing
surface‐passivating
interfacial
layer
quasi‐2D
Ruddlesden–Popper
(RPP)
with
various
functional
ligand
molecules.
In
this
study,
hydroxyl‐functionalized
cyclohexyl
ammonium
hydrochloride
(ACHACl)
employed
the
molecule,
which
features
dual
groups.
A
comparative
analysis
reveals
that
cis‐
configurations
ligands
exhibit
enhanced
adsorption
on
[PbI
6
]
4−
octahedra
lead
perovskites,
enabling
more
passivation
including
metallic
Pb
0
3D
Moreover,
incorporating
RPP
improves
hole
extraction
transport
(HTL)
inducing
an
upward
shift
valence
band
edge.
Consequently,
PSCs
achieve
23%
under
1‐Sun
illumination,
along
significantly
improved
stability,
presenting
critical
role
tailoring
atomic
molecules
boost
both
efficiency
PSCs.
Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
147(9), P. 7671 - 7681
Published: Feb. 19, 2025
Photoelectrocatalytic
cells
for
seawater
splitting
have
shown
promise
toward
large-scale
deployment;
however,
challenges
remain
in
operation
performances,
which
outline
clear
research
needs
to
scale
up
photoelectrodes
with
small
loss
of
efficiency.
Here,
we
report
an
approach
scalable
and
robust
solar
H2
evolution
by
enhancing
photogenerated
charge
transport
a
H2-evolving
molecular
photoelectrode.
The
photoelectrode
is
based
on
p-type
conjugated
polymers
that
are
homogeneously
distributed
polycarbazole
network.
With
self-assembled
NiS2
catalyst,
the
under
irradiation
(100
mW
cm–2,
AM
1.5
G)
capable
evolving
from
at
external
quantum
efficiency
(EQE)
34.4%
applied
bias
−0.06
V
vs
RHE.
When
scaling
1
cm2
25
cm2,
generates
photocurrents
stabilized
0.4
A
maintains
high
EQE
less
than
1%.
Investigation
charge-transport
dynamics
reveals
kinetic
basis
lies
desirable
hole
diffusion
length
far
exceeds
spacing
between
adjacent
conjugated-polymer
chains
due
interchain
π–π
interactions.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16(1)
Published: May 6, 2025
An
artificial
leaf
mimicking
the
function
of
a
natural
has
recently
attracted
significant
attention
due
to
its
minimal
space
requirement
and
low
cost
compared
wired
photoelectrochemical
photovoltaic-electrochemical
systems
for
solar
hydrogen
production.
However,
it
remains
challenge
achieve
practical-size
water-splitting
device
that
can
fulfill
criteria
solar-to-hydrogen
conversion
efficiency
above
10%,
long-term
durability,
scalability.
Here,
we
develop
1
cm2
perovskite-based
photoelectrodes
using
defect-less,
chlorine-doped
formamidinium
lead
triiodide
as
photo-absorber
ultraviolet-insensitive
tin
oxide
an
electron
transport
layers.
This
is
encapsulated
electrocatalyst-deposited
nickel
foils,
which
demonstrates
high
photocurrent
density
stability
140
h.
Ultimately,
fabricate
scalable
mini-module-sized
(16
cm2)
consisting
side-by-side/parallel
configuration
photoanode
photocathode
architecture
integrated
with
4
×
array
photoelectrodes,
maintains
stable
'module-level'
11.2%
in
unbiased
under
1-sun
illumination.
