Integrated Transcriptomic and Targeted Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Key Genes Involved in Triterpenoid Biosynthesis of Ganoderma lucidum

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 57 - 57

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional Chinese medicinal fungus, and ganoderma triterpenoids (GTs) are one of the main bioactive compounds. These compounds have various pharmacological functions, including anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, liver-protective, immune-regulating effects. However, manner in which they accumulate, their biosynthesis mechanisms remain unclear. To screen for genes that involved biosynthetic pathway GTs, this study analyzed differential metabolites differentially expressed (DEGs) among different growth stages G. lucidum, primordia (P), matured fruiting body (FM), post-spore bodies (FP) using targeted metabolomics transcriptomics analysis, respectively. The results showed total 699 components were detected, lignans, terpenoids, amino acids derivatives, phenolic acids, others. Among them, 112 types triterpenes detected. Compared with primordia, there eight triterpenoids, three decreasing five increasing FM stage. A comparison between stage FP revealed 13 triterpenoids. analysis 371 DEGs P_vs_FM group, 171 down-regulated 200 up-regulated genes. In FM_vs_FP 2567 identified, 1278 1289 Through transcriptome correlation six TFs two CYP450s significantly associated four triterpenoid components. these positively or negatively correlated addition, interestingly, some flavonoids compounds, been reported plants, also detected indicating it has potential to be engineered into strain capable synthesizing flavonoid This provides useful information about key GT biosynthesis, but further exploration in-depth research needed better understand functions

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Analysis of Non-Thermal Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Citrus Peel Waste Through a One-Factor-at-a-Time Approach

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(3), P. 648 - 648

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Food waste presents a critical environmental and economic challenge across Europe. In the Mediterranean region, agricultural industry generates considerable quantities of citrus fruits, leading to significant byproduct waste, which remains underutilized. To help address this, this study explored valorization orange peel using non-thermal ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) one-factor-at-a-time experimental design investigate effects nine chemical physical UAE parameters. The goal was identify ideal operational ranges for each parameter several responses (bioactive compound recovery, antioxidant activity, radical scavenging activity), thus elucidating most influential factors their role in co-extracting various classes natural compounds. key findings revealed that polarity ionic potential medium, tuned through ethanol:water or pH, significantly influenced both profile bioactivity extracts. Notably, citric acid citrates appeared stabilize co-extracted Lower solid-to-liquid ratios increased yields, while particle sizes between 1400 710 µm enhanced phenolic recovery by approximately 150 mg/L GAE. contrast, increases pulse, probe diameter, immersion depth, time led degradation bioactive compounds, whereas maximal amplitude improved up 2-fold. Collectively, these insights provide foundation optimizing valorize waste.

Language: Английский

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Extraction of chlorogenic acid from Lonicera japonica Thunb. using deep eutectic solvents: Process optimization and mechanism exploration by the combination of experiment and molecular simulation

Microchemical Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 113280 - 113280

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Protective effects of chlorogenic acid on the intestinal barrier of broiler chickens: an immunological stress model study

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(8), P. 103949 - 103949

Published: June 6, 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on inflammatory responses and intestinal health lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged broilers. One hundred forty-four 1-day-old male broiler chicks were divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates 8 birds each. The as follows: 1) Control group: fed a basal diet; 2) LPS LPS-challenged 3) CGA CGA-supplemented diet. intraperitoneally administered at dose 1 mg/kg body weight. increased weight gain feed intake by 37.05% 24.29%, respectively (P < 0.05). also alleviated LPS-induced inflammation, evidenced lower levels pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum jejunum (tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6), decreased myeloperoxidase activity These accompanied decrease mRNA abundance toll-like receptor 4 myeloid differentiation factor 88 an inhibition nuclear kappa-B translocation reduced circulating diamine oxidase D-lactate endotoxin, positively regulated expression jejunal claudin-3 zonula occludens-1 broilers Compared group, apoptotic rate epithelial cells cytochrome c concentration jejunum, normalized genes responsible for proliferation apoptosis cells, including cysteine aspartate-specific protease-9, B cell lymphoma-2, proliferating antigen Furthermore, altered phosphorylation protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3β, well β-catenin results suggested that supplementation improved growth performance, helped maintain integrity barrier function broilers, possibly through regulation 4/nuclear B/Wnt/β-catenin pathways.

Language: Английский

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New methods for extraction of phenolic, flavonoids and catechin compounds from natural sources

Chemical Papers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 79(1), P. 247 - 263

Published: Nov. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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