Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: New Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Treatment and the Most Important Complications
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(3), P. 1094 - 1094
Published: Jan. 27, 2025
Type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2DM),
a
prevalent
chronic
disease
affecting
over
400
million
people
globally,
is
driven
by
genetic
and
environmental
factors.
The
pathogenesis
involves
insulin
resistance
β-cell
dysfunction,
mediated
mechanisms
such
as
the
dedifferentiation
of
β-cells,
mitochondrial
oxidative
stress.
Treatment
should
be
based
on
non-pharmacological
therapy.
Strategies
increased
physical
activity,
dietary
modifications,
cognitive-behavioral
therapy
are
important
in
maintaining
normal
glycemia.
Advanced
therapies,
including
SGLT2
inhibitors
GLP-1
receptor
agonists,
complement
these
treatments
offer
solid
glycemic
control,
weight
reduced
cardiovascular
risk.
Complications
T2DM,
diabetic
kidney
disease,
retinopathy,
neuropathy,
underscore
need
for
early
diagnosis
comprehensive
management
to
improve
patient
outcomes
quality
life.
Language: Английский
Adipocentric Strategy for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(3), P. 678 - 678
Published: Jan. 21, 2025
The
global
prevalence
of
obesity
and
type
2
diabetes
mellitus
(T2D)
has
risen
in
parallel
over
recent
decades.
Most
individuals
diagnosed
with
T2D
exhibit
adiposopathy-related
(ARD),
a
condition
characterized
by
hyperglycemia
accompanied
three
core
features:
increased
ectopic
visceral
fat
deposition,
dysregulated
adipokine
secretion
favoring
pro-inflammatory
state,
insulin
resistance.
Despite
advancements
precision
medicine,
international
guidelines
for
continue
to
prioritize
individualized
therapeutic
approaches
focused
on
glycemic
control
complications,
many
healthcare
providers
predominantly
maintain
glucocentric
strategy.
This
review
advocates
an
adipocentric
treatment
paradigm
most
T2D,
emphasizing
the
importance
prioritizing
weight
loss
reduction
as
key
drivers
intensification.
By
combining
lifestyle
modifications
pharmacological
agents
that
promote
loss—including
SGLT-2
inhibitors,
GLP-1
receptor
agonists,
or
dual
GLP-1/GIP
agonists—and,
when
appropriate,
metabolic
surgery,
this
approach
offers
potential
disease
remission
patients
shorter
duration.
For
others,
it
enables
superior
compared
traditional
glucose-centered
strategies
while
simultaneously
delivering
cardiovascular
renal
benefits.
In
conclusion,
framework
ARD,
which
represents
majority
cases,
effectively
integrates
cardio-nephrocentric
goals.
constitutes
optimal
strategy
ARD
due
its
efficacy
achieving
remission,
improving
control,
addressing
obesity-related
comorbidities,
reducing
morbidity
mortality.
Language: Английский
Comparative effects of different macronutrient compositions for type 2 diabetes management: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials
Journal of Health Population and Nutrition,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
44(1)
Published: April 8, 2025
Language: Английский