Photomechanochemistry: harnessing mechanical forces to enhance photochemical reactions

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21, P. 458 - 472

Published: March 3, 2025

Photomechanochemistry, i.e., the merger of light energy and mechanical forces, is emerging as a new trend in organic synthesis, enabling unique reactivities fleeting excited states under solvent-minimized conditions. Despite its transformative potential, field faces significant technological challenges that must be addressed to unlock full capabilities. In this Perspective, we analyze selected examples showcase available technologies combine including manual grinding, vortex shaker mixing, rod milling, ball milling. By examining advantages limitations each approach, aim provide an overview current state synthetic photomechanochemistry identify opportunities for future advancements rapidly evolving area research.

Language: Английский

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A scalable photo-mechanochemical platform for sustainable photoredox catalysis by resonant acoustic mixing

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 28, 2025

Photocatalysis has greatly advanced in organic synthesis but still confronts challenges, including light attenuation reaction media and excessive solvent utilization. These issues lead to inefficiencies, particularly heterogeneous cloudy mixtures scaling-up applications. Integrating photocatalysis with mechanochemistry offers a nascent promising solution these challenges. Herein, we present scalable photo-mechanochemical platform that combines visible-light Resonant Acoustic Mixing (RAM), enabling efficient cross-coupling reactions under solvent-minimised conditions. This approach demonstrates broad substrate tolerance, accommodating variety of aryl (hetero) halides N-, O-, P-, S-nucleophiles. The protocol supports scaling up 300 mmol, representing 1500-fold increase, while maintaining exceptionally low catalyst loading achieving 9800 turnover numbers (TON). generality this is further validated by its applicability other synthetic transformations.

Language: Английский

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Scalable depolymerizing transesterification and amidation of (poly)lactic acid (PLA) enabled by resonant acoustic mixing (RAM)

Green Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(3), P. 716 - 721

Published: Dec. 10, 2024

Efficient, operationally simple, and scalable conversion of post-consumer (poly)lactic acid into lactate esters lactamides.

Language: Английский

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Rapid and scalable ruthenium catalyzed meta-C–H alkylation enabled by resonant acoustic mixing

Communications Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Dec. 18, 2024

Synthetic chemistry approaches for direct C–H bond alkylation offers a promising alternative to traditional functional-group-centered strategies which often involve multi-step procedures and may suffer from variety of challenges including scalability. Here, we introduce resonant mixing as an efficient method meta-C–H arenes using Ru-catalyst, avoiding the need bulk solvents, external temperature, or light. The described methodology is highly rapid, enabling multigram-scale synthesis meta-alkylation products within short reaction time achieving very high turnover frequency. operates via radical mechanism characterized by its mild conditions, substrate compatibility, exceptional meta-selectivity, all while significantly reducing times. authors acoustic Ru-catalyst mechanism,

Language: Английский

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Resonant Acoustic Mixing: Applications to Organic and Materials Synthesis

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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