Evolution of nMOFs in photodynamic therapy: from porphyrins to chlorins and bacteriochlorins for better efficacy
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: March 18, 2025
Photodynamic
therapy
(PDT)
has
gained
significant
attention
due
to
its
non-invasive
nature,
low
cost,
and
ease
of
operation.
Nanoscale
metal-organic
frameworks
(nMOFs)
incorporating
porphyrins,
chlorins,
bacteriochlorins
have
emerged
as
one
the
most
prominent
photoactive
materials
for
tumor
PDT.
These
nMOFs
could
enhance
water
solubility,
stability
loading
efficiency
photosensitizers
(PSs).
Their
highly
ordered
porous
structure
facilitates
O2
diffusion
enhances
generation
1O2
from
hydrophobic
bacteriochlorins,
thereby
improving
their
efficacy
phototherapy.
This
review
provides
insights
into
PDT
effects
derived
bacteriochlorins.
It
overviews
design
strategies,
types
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS),
ROS
efficiency,
unique
biological
processes
involved
in
inhibiting
cell
proliferation,
focusing
on
mechanism
by
which
molecular
leads
enhanced
photochemical
properties.
Finally,
highlights
new
possibilities
offered
bacteriochlorins-based
PDT,
emphasizing
how
optimized
can
further
improve
bioapplication
porphyrin
derivatives
represented
PSs.
With
ongoing
research
technological
advancements,
we
anticipate
that
this
will
garner
increased
scientific
researchers
toward
porphyrin-based
nMOFs,
elevating
potential
a
approach
treatment
malignant
tumors.
Language: Английский
Recent Progress of Molecular Design in Organic Type I Photosensitizers
Small,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 26, 2025
Abstract
Photodynamic
therapy
(PDT)
represents
a
high‐efficient
and
non‐invasive
therapeutic
modality
for
current
future
tumor
treatments,
drawing
extensive
attention
in
the
fields
of
antitumor
drug
clinical
phototherapy.
In
recent
years,
photosensitizer
(PS)
market
PDT
applications
have
expanded
to
address
various
cancers
skin
diseases.
However,
hypoxic
environment
within
tumors
poses
substantial
challenge
capability
reactive
oxygen
species‐dependent
PDT.
Consequently,
researches
increasingly
focus
from
type
II
I
mechanism,
which
relies
on
radical
production
with
less
or
no
dependence.
Despite
significant
progress
development
PSs,
holistic
understanding
regarding
design
principles
these
molecules
remains
elusive.
Specifically,
electron
transfer‐mediated
are
extensively
studied
years
but
is
insufficiently
addressed
existing
reviews.
This
review
systematically
summarizes
advancements
molecular
rationales
organic
categorizing
them
into
three
key
fundamental
strategies:
modulating
PS
charge
distribution,
singlet
forbidden
via
low
triplet
excited
state,
accelerating
formation
inducing
transfer.
aims
offer
valuable
insights
advancement
anti‐hypoxia
Language: Английский
The Current Advances in Design Strategy (Indirect Strategy and Direct Strategy) for Type‐I Photosensitizers
Ning Ma,
No information about this author
Junjie Wang,
No information about this author
Hui Tang
No information about this author
et al.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 25, 2024
Type-I
photosensitizers
(PSs)
are
among
the
most
potential
candidates
for
photodynamic
therapy
(PDT),
as
their
low
dependence
on
oxygen
endow
them
with
many
advantages
treating
hypoxic
tumor.
However,
of
reported
type-I
PSs
have
a
contingency
molecular
design,
because
electron
transfer
(ET)
reaction
is
more
difficult
to
achieve
than
energy
(EET)
process.
Therefore,
it
urgent
understand
design
mechanisms
PSs.
In
this
review,
two
ways
PSs,
i.e.,
inhibiting
EET
process
(type-II)
or
enhancing
ET
(type-I),
detailly
explained.
response,
current
strategies
summarized
from
perspectives:
indirect
strategy
(inhibiting
process:
reducing
lowest
triplet
excited
state
(T
Language: Английский