The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Ecosystems and Reliant Human Communities

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 83 - 112

Published: June 25, 2020

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, along with agriculture land-use practices are causing wholesale increases in seawater CO2 inorganic levels; reductions pH; alterations acid-base chemistry of estuarine, coastal, surface open-ocean waters. On the basis laboratory experiments field studies naturally elevated marine environments, widespread biological impacts human-driven ocean acidification have been posited, ranging changes organism physiology population dynamics to altered communities ecosystems. Acidification, conjunction other climate change–related environmental stresses, particularly under future change further potentially puts at risk many valuable ecosystem services that provides society, such as fisheries, aquaculture, shoreline protection. Thisreview emphasizes both current scientific understanding knowledge gaps, highlighting directions for research recognizing information needs policymakers stakeholders.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Photosynthetic Organisms Under the Concurrent Influences of Warming, UV Radiation, and Deoxygenation

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: June 18, 2019

The oceans take up over 1 million tons of anthropogenic CO2 per hour, increasing dissolved pCO2 and decreasing seawater pH in a process called ocean acidification. At the same time greenhouse warming surface results enhanced stratification shoaling upper mixed layers, exposing photosynthetic organisms dwelling here to increased visible UV radiation as well decreased nutrient supply. In addition, eutrophication reduce concentration O2 seawater, contributing spread hypoxic zones. All these global changes interact affect marine primary producers. Such interactions have been documented, but much smaller extent compared responses each single driver. combined effects could be synergistic, neutral or antagonistic depending on species physiological processes involved experimental setups. For most calcifying algae, impacts acidification, solar and/or elevated temperature clearly their calcification; for diatoms, light levels enhance growth at low, inhibit it high sunlight. nitrogen fixers (diazotrophs), acidification associated with may N2 fixation activity, other environmental variables such trace metal availability neutralize even reverse effects. Macroalgae, hand, either juveniles adults, appear benefit from rates tolerance lowered pH. There has little documentation deoxygenation producers, though theoretically concentrations selectively carboxylation oxygenation catalyzed by Rubisco thereby autotrophs. Overall, change biology studies used double stressors laboratory tests. This overview examines features warming, deoxygenation, focussing

Language: Английский

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Four Decades of Trends and Drivers of Global Surface Ocean Acidification

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(7)

Published: July 1, 2023

Abstract The oceans are acidifying in response to the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from atmosphere, yet global‐scale progression this acidification has been poorly documented so far by observations. Here, we fill gap and use an updated version situ satellite observation‐based product OceanSODA‐ETHZ determine trends drivers surface ocean aragonite saturation state (Ω ar pH = –log([H + ]) (total scale) over last four decades (1982–2021). In global mean, Ω declined at rates −0.071 ± 0.006 decade −1 −0.0166 0.0010 , respectively, with errors largely reflecting uncertainties reconstructed fields. These mean driven primarily increase concentration dissolved inorganic (DIC) CO but moderated changes natural DIC. Surface warming enhances decrease pH, accounting for ∼15% trend. long‐term vary substantially across regions also differ distinctly between . highest found high latitudes, while decreases fastest low latitudes. regional differences a consequence ability take up buffer Substantial El Niño‐driven interannual variability is superimposed on these trends, showing greater than resulting longer time emergence

Language: Английский

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Effects of climate change factors on marine macroalgae: A review

Advances in marine biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 91 - 136

Published: Dec. 13, 2020

Language: Английский

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Different responses of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities to current changing coastal environments

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 215, P. 114426 - 114426

Published: Sept. 23, 2022

Language: Английский

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Coastal Development: Resilience, Restoration and Infrastructure Requirements

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 213 - 277

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Functional changes across marine habitats due to ocean acidification

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Global environmental change drives diversity loss and shifts in community structure. A key challenge is to better understand the impacts on ecosystem function connect species trait of assemblages with properties that are turn linked functioning. Here we quantify composition associated ocean acidification (OA) by using field measurements at marine CO

Language: Английский

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Between shells and seas: Effects of ocean acidification on calcification and osmoregulation in yellow clam (Amarilladesma mactroides)

Marine Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 207, P. 107083 - 107083

Published: March 10, 2025

Language: Английский

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(Re)Framing ocean acidification in the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Paris Agreement

Climate Policy, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 1225 - 1238

Published: Aug. 5, 2019

Ocean acidification is most frequently framed by the scientific community as a concurrent threat to climate change, rather than an effect of it. This separation two phenomena has long been deemed way garnering heightened policy attention for ocean having it bound up in often contested politics change. effort, however, appears have resulted inadvertent placing outside mandate United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). created significant gap global governance this issue with no multilateral agreement understood jurisdiction over mitigation rising acidity. For these reasons paper argues that alternative framing change warranted. would include core obligations Convention, thereby filling and avoiding perverse implementation outcomes. It contended interpreting UNFCCC more consistent its objective purpose existing interpretations place beyond remit Convention.Key insights best context UNFCCC, therefore included combat adverse effects.An obligation address implications provisions particularly mitigation, are implemented. Mitigation activities exacerbate or lead emission reduction pathways do not prevent dangerous should be inconsistent Convention.Protection, conservation restoration coastal marine ecosystems become priority area action within UNFCCC.

Language: Английский

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Volcanic CO2 seep geochemistry and use in understanding ocean acidification

Biogeochemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 152(1), P. 93 - 115

Published: Dec. 9, 2020

Abstract Ocean acidification is one of the most dramatic effects massive atmospheric release anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) that has occurred since Industrial Revolution, although its on marine ecosystems are not well understood. Submarine volcanic hydrothermal fields have geochemical conditions provide opportunities to characterise elevated levels seawater CO life in field. Here, we review aspects shallow -rich seeps worldwide, focusing both gas composition and water chemistry. We then describe seepage overlying column. also present new data first synthesis biological community changes from best-studied seep sites world (off Vulcano Island, Sicily). In areas intense bubbling, extremely high pCO (> 10,000 μatm) result low pH (< 6) undersaturation aragonite calcite an area devoid calcified organisms such as shelled molluscs hard corals. Around 100–400 m away geochemistry becomes analogous future ocean with dissolved falling 900 420 μatm rises 7.6 8.0. Calcified species coralline algae sea urchins fare increasingly sessile communities shift domination by a few resilient (such uncalcified polychaetes) diverse complex (including abundant urchins) returns ambient . Laboratory advances our understanding sensitivity seawater, reveal how react simulated (e.g., using energetic trade-offs for calcification, reproduction, growth survival). Research at seeps, those off Vulcano, highlight consistent ecosystem responses rising , simplification food webs, losses functional diversity reduced provisioning goods services humans.

Language: Английский

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