Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: July 23, 2021
RAS
mutations
(HRAS,
NRAS,
and
KRAS)
are
among
the
most
common
oncogenes,
around
19%
of
patients
with
cancer
harbor
mutations.
Cells
harboring
tend
to
undergo
malignant
transformation
exhibit
phenotypes.
The
mutational
status
correlates
clinicopathological
features
patients,
such
as
mucinous
type
poor
differentiation,
well
response
anti-EGFR
therapies
in
certain
types
human
cancers.
Although
protein
had
been
considered
a
potential
target
for
tumors
mutations,
it
was
once
referred
undruggable
due
consecutive
failure
discovery
inhibitors.
However,
recent
studies
on
structure,
signaling,
function
have
shed
light
development
RAS-targeting
drugs,
especially
approval
Lumakras
(sotorasib,
AMG510)
treatment
KRAS
Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
20(5), P. 497 - 530
Published: May 1, 2022
NCCN
Clinical
Practice
Guidelines
in
Oncology
(NCCN
Guidelines)
for
Non-Small
Cell
Lung
Cancer
(NSCLC)
provide
recommended
management
patients
with
NSCLC,
including
diagnosis,
primary
treatment,
surveillance
relapse,
and
subsequent
treatment.
Patients
metastatic
lung
cancer
who
are
eligible
targeted
therapies
or
immunotherapies
now
surviving
longer.
This
selection
from
the
NSCLC
focuses
on
actionable
mutations.
New England Journal of Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
387(2), P. 120 - 131
Published: June 3, 2022
Adagrasib,
a
KRASG12C
inhibitor,
irreversibly
and
selectively
binds
KRASG12C,
locking
it
in
its
inactive
state.
Adagrasib
showed
clinical
activity
had
an
acceptable
adverse-event
profile
the
phase
1–1b
part
of
KRYSTAL-1
1–2
study.
Journal of Clinical Oncology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
40(6), P. 611 - 625
Published: Jan. 5, 2022
Lung
cancer
has
traditionally
been
classified
by
histology.
However,
a
greater
understanding
of
disease
biology
and
the
identification
oncogenic
driver
alterations
dramatically
altered
therapeutic
landscape.
Consequently,
new
classification
paradigm
non-small-cell
lung
is
further
characterized
molecularly
defined
subsets
actionable
with
targeted
therapies
treatment
landscape
becoming
increasingly
complex.
This
review
encompasses
current
standards
care
for
in
molecular
alterations.
Targeted
EGFR
exon
19
deletion
L858R
mutations,
ALK
ROS1
rearrangements
are
well
established.
there
an
expanding
list
approved
including
BRAF
V600E,
20
insertion,
KRAS
G12C
MET
14
alterations,
NTRK
RET
rearrangements.
In
addition,
numerous
other
drivers,
such
as
HER2
insertion
which
emerging
efficacy
data
therapies.
The
importance
diagnostic
testing,
intracranial
novel
therapies,
optimal
sequencing
role
early-stage
disease,
future
directions
precision
oncology
approaches
to
understand
tumor
evolution
resistance
also
discussed.
New England Journal of Medicine,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
384(25), P. 2382 - 2393
Published: June 23, 2021
Clinical
trials
of
the
KRAS
inhibitors
adagrasib
and
sotorasib
have
shown
promising
activity
in
cancers
harboring
glycine-to-cysteine
amino
acid
substitutions
at
codon
12
(KRAS
Annals of Oncology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
33(8), P. 750 - 768
Published: July 6, 2022
•Validated
and
sensitive
ctDNA
assays
can
be
used
to
genotype
advanced
cancers
select
patients
for
targeted
therapies.•Initial
genotyping
with
should
considered
when
rapid
results
are
needed,
tissue
is
unavailable.•ctDNA
assay
limited
by
false-negative
results,
lower
sensitivity
fusion
events
copy
number
changes.•Use
of
detect
molecular
residual
disease
not
recommended,
due
lack
evidence
its
clinical
utility.
Circulating
tumour
DNA
(ctDNA)
conducted
on
plasma
rapidly
developing
a
strong
base
use
in
cancer.
The
European
Society
Medical
Oncology
convened
an
expert
working
group
review
the
analytical
validity
utility
assays.
For
cancer,
validated
adequately
have
identifying
actionable
mutations
direct
therapy,
may
routine
practice,
provided
limitations
taken
into
account.
Tissue-based
testing
remains
preferred
test
many
cancer
patients,
detecting
changes,
although
routinely
faster
will
clinically
important,
or
biopsies
possible
inappropriate.
Reflex
following
non-informative
result,
testing.
In
treated
early-stage
cancers,
detection
relapse,
has
high
anticipating
future
relapse
cancers.
Molecular
disease/molecular
cannot
recommended
as
currently
there
no
directing
treatment.
Additional
potential
applications
assays,
under
research
development
include
responding
therapy
early
dynamic
changes
levels,
monitoring
resistance
before
progression,
screening
asymptomatic
people
Recommendations
reporting
made.
Cancer Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
42(10), P. 937 - 970
Published: Sept. 8, 2022
In
China,
lung
cancer
is
a
primary
type
with
high
incidence
and
mortality.
Risk
factors
for
include
tobacco
use,
family
history,
radiation
exposure,
the
presence
of
chronic
diseases.
Most
early-stage
non-small
cell
(NSCLC)
patients
miss
optimal
timing
treatment
due
to
lack
clinical
presentations.
Population-based
nationwide
screening
programs
are
significant
help
in
increasing
early
detection
survival
rates
NSCLC
China.
The
understanding
molecular
carcinogenesis
identification
oncogenic
drivers
dramatically
facilitate
development
targeted
therapy
NSCLC,
thus
prolonging
positive
drivers.
exploration
immune
escape
mechanisms,
programmed
death
protein
1
(PD-1)/programmed
death-ligand
(PD-L1)
inhibitor
monotherapy
PD-1/PD-L1
plus
chemotherapy
have
become
standard
care
advanced
Chinese
Society
Clinical
Oncology's
guidelines
maintenance
immunotherapy
recommended
locally
after
chemoradiotherapy.
Adjuvant
neoadjuvant
chemoimmunotherapy
will
be
approved
resectable
NSCLC.
this
review,
we
summarized
recent
advances
China
terms
epidemiology,
biology,
pathology,
pathogenesis,
screening,
diagnosis,
therapy,
immunotherapy.
