Effectiveness of COVID-19 booster vaccines against COVID-19-related symptoms, hospitalization and death in England

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(4), P. 831 - 837

Published: Jan. 14, 2022

Booster vaccination with messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines has been offered to adults in England starting on 14 September 2021. We used a test-negative case-control design estimate the relative effectiveness of booster dose BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) compared only two-dose primary course (at least 175 days after second dose) or unvaccinated individuals from 13 2021 5 December 2021, when Delta variant was dominant circulation. Outcomes were symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and hospitalization. The against 14-34 mRNA-1273 (Moderna) ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca) as ranged around 85% 95%. Absolute vaccine 94% 97% similar all age groups. Limited waning seen 10 more weeks booster. Against hospitalization death, absolute 99% groups irrespective course, no evidence up weeks. This study provides real-world substantially increased protection mild severe course.

Language: Английский

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Effect of mRNA Vaccine Boosters against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection in Qatar

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 386(19), P. 1804 - 1816

Published: March 9, 2022

Waning of vaccine protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and the emergence omicron (or B.1.1.529) variant severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have led to expedited efforts scale up booster vaccination. Protection conferred by doses BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccines in Qatar, as compared with two-dose primary series, is unclear.

Language: Английский

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Safety and Efficacy of a Third Dose of BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 386(20), P. 1910 - 1921

Published: March 23, 2022

Active immunization with the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer–BioNTech) has been a critical mitigation tool against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. In light of reports waning protection occurring 6 months after primary two-dose series, data are needed on safety and efficacy offering third (booster) dose in persons 16 years age or older.

Language: Английский

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Nirmatrelvir Use and Severe Covid-19 Outcomes during the Omicron Surge

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 387(9), P. 790 - 798

Published: Aug. 24, 2022

The oral protease inhibitor nirmatrelvir has shown substantial efficacy in high-risk, unvaccinated patients infected with the B.1.617.2 (delta) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Data regarding effectiveness preventing disease 2019 (Covid-19) outcomes from B.1.1.529 (omicron) are limited.We obtained data for all members Clalit Health Services who were 40 years age or older at start study period and assessed as being eligible to receive therapy during omicron surge. A Cox proportional-hazards regression model time-dependent covariates was used estimate association treatment hospitalization death due Covid-19, adjustment sociodemographic factors, coexisting conditions, previous SARS-CoV-2 immunity status.A total 109,254 met eligibility criteria, whom 3902 (4%) received period. Among 65 older, rate Covid-19 14.7 cases per 100,000 person-days among treated compared 58.9 untreated (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 0.49). adjusted ratio 0.21 (95% CI, 0.05 0.82). 64 age, 15.2 15.8 0.74; 0.35 1.58). 1.32 0.16 10.75).Among rates significantly lower those than did not. No evidence benefit found younger adults.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 reinfections: Overview of efficacy and duration of natural and hybrid immunity

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 112911 - 112911

Published: Feb. 8, 2022

Seroprevalence surveys suggest that more than a third and possibly half of the global population has been infected with SARS-CoV-2 by early 2022. As large numbers people continue to be infected, efficacy duration natural immunity in terms protection against reinfections severe disease is crucial significance for future. This narrative review provides an overview on epidemiological studies addressing this issue. National covering 2020-2021 documented previous infection associated significantly reduced risk lasting at least one year only relatively moderate waning immunity. Importantly, showed roughly similar effect sizes regarding reinfection across different variants, exception Omicron variant which data are just emerging before final conclusions can drawn. Risk hospitalizations deaths was also versus primary infections. Observational indicate may offer equal or greater infections compared individuals receiving two doses mRNA vaccine, but not fully consistent. The combination respective vaccination, termed hybrid immunity, seems confer greatest infections, several knowledge gaps remain Natural should considered public health policy SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of homologous and heterologous booster doses for an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: a large-scale prospective cohort study

The Lancet Global Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. e798 - e806

Published: April 23, 2022

Several countries have authorised or begun using a booster vaccine dose against COVID-19. Policy makers urgently need evidence of the effectiveness additional doses and its clinical spectrum for individuals with complete primary immunisation schedules, particularly in where schedule used inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Using individual-level data, we evaluated prospective, observational, national-level cohort (aged ≥16 years) affiliated Fondo Nacional de Salud insurance programme Chile, to assess CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech), AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) boosters who had completed CoronaVac, compared unvaccinated individuals. Individuals administered vaccines from Feb 2, 2021, prespecified study end date Nov 10, were evaluated; excluded probable confirmed infection (RT-PCR antigen test) on before received at least one any COVID-19 2021. We estimated laboratory-confirmed symptomatic (symptomatic COVID-19) cases outcomes (hospitalisation, admission intensive care unit [ICU], death inverse probability-weighted stratified survival regression models estimate hazard ratios, accounting time-varying vaccination status adjusting relevant demographic, socioeconomic, confounders. change vaccinated associated series vaccine.11 174 257 eligible this study, among whom 4 127 546 (two doses) during period. 1 921 340 (46·5%) participants an booster, 2 019 260 (48·9%) 186 946 (4·5%) homologous CoronaVac. calculated adjusted (weighted Cox model) preventing 78·8% (95% CI 76·8-80·6) three-dose 96·5% (96·2-96·7) 93·2% (92·9-93·6) booster. The COVID-19-related hospitalisation, ICU admission, was 86·3% (83·7-88·5), 92·2% (88·7-94·6), 86·7% (80·5-91·0) 96·1% (95·3-96·9), 96·2% (94·6-97·3), 96·8% (93·9-98·3) 97·7% (97·3-98·0), 98·9% (98·5-99·2), 98·1% (97·3-98·6) booster.Our results suggest that heterologous provides high level protection COVID-19, including severe disease death. Heterologous showed higher than all outcomes, providing support mix-and-match approach.Agencia Investigación y Desarrollo through Científico Tecnológico, Millennium Science Initiative Program, Financiamiento Centros en Áreas Prioritarias.

Language: Английский

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Severe COVID-19 outcomes after full vaccination of primary schedule and initial boosters: pooled analysis of national prospective cohort studies of 30 million individuals in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 400(10360), P. 1305 - 1320

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

BackgroundCurrent UK vaccination policy is to offer future COVID-19 booster doses individuals at high risk of serious illness from COVID-19, but it still uncertain which groups the population could benefit most. In response an urgent request Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation, we aimed identify factors for severe outcomes (ie, COVID-19-related hospitalisation or death) in who had completed their primary schedule received first vaccine.MethodsWe constructed prospective cohorts across all four nations through linkages care, RT-PCR testing, vaccination, hospitalisation, mortality data 30 million people. We included vaccine BNT162b2 (tozinameran; Pfizer–BioNTech) ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford–AstraZeneca) vaccines our initial analyses. then restricted analyses those given a mRNA-1273 (elasomeran; Moderna) outcome between Dec 20, 2021, Feb 28, 2022 (when omicron (B.1.1.529) variant was dominant). fitted time-dependent Poisson regression models calculated adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) 95% CIs associations death. range potential covariates, including age, sex, comorbidities, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Stratified were conducted by type. did pooled using fixed-effect meta-analyses.FindingsBetween 8, 2020, 2022, 16 208 600 13 836 390 dose. Between 59 510 (0·4%) group 26 100 (0·2%) outcomes. The reduced after receiving (rate change: 8·8 events per 1000 person-years 7·6 person-years). Older adults (≥80 years vs 18–49 years; aRR 3·60 [95% CI 3·45–3·75]), with comorbidities (≥5 none; 9·51 [9·07–9·97]), being male (male female; 1·23 [1·20–1·26]), certain underlying health conditions—in particular, immunosuppressants (yes no; 5·80 [5·53–6·09])—and chronic kidney disease (stage 5 3·71 [2·90–4·74]) remained despite booster. Individuals history infection (infected ≥9 months before dose no infection; 0·41 0·29–0·58]).InterpretationOlder people, multimorbidity, specific conditions remain increased death should, therefore, be prioritised additional boosters, novel optimised versions, increasing array therapeutics.FundingNational Core Studies–Immunity, Research Innovation (Medical Council), Health Data UK, Scottish Government, University Edinburgh.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccine update: vaccine effectiveness, SARS-CoV-2 variants, boosters, adverse effects, and immune correlates of protection

Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(1)

Published: Oct. 15, 2022

Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the most severe public health challenge in this century. Two years after its emergence, rapid development and deployment of effective COVID-19 vaccines have successfully controlled pandemic greatly reduced risk illness death associated with COVID-19. However, due to ability rapidly evolve, SARS-CoV-2 virus may never be eradicated, there are many important new topics work on if we need live for a long time. To end, hope provide essential knowledge researchers who improvement future vaccines. In review, provided an up-to-date summary current vaccines, discussed biological basis clinical impact variants subvariants, analyzed effectiveness various vaccine booster regimens against different strains. Additionally, reviewed potential mechanisms vaccine-induced adverse events, summarized studies regarding immune correlates protection, finally, next-generation

Language: Английский

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Waning effectiveness of the third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: June 9, 2022

The duration of protection the third (booster) dose BioNTech/Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 vaccine has been subject recent investigations, as global discussions around necessity and effectiveness a fourth are already underway. By conducting retrospective study implementing test-negative case-control design, analyzing 546,924 PCR tests performed throughout January 2022 by 389,265 persons who received at least two doses, we find that in each month-since-vaccination decreases significantly. Compared to those vaccinated five months prior outcome period, on August 2021, relative against infection waned from 53.4% month after vaccination 16.5% three vaccination. These results suggest there is significant waning Omicron variant within few administration. Additional information could assist comprehensively estimate three-dose-strategy.

Language: Английский

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Rapid Diagnostic Testing for SARS-CoV-2

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 386(3), P. 264 - 272

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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