Amphibians and agricultural chemicals: Review of the risks in a complex environment

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 157(11), P. 2903 - 2927

Published: June 5, 2009

Language: Английский

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Chronic nutrient enrichment increases prevalence and severity of coral disease and bleaching

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 544 - 554

Published: Nov. 26, 2013

Abstract Nutrient loading is one of the strongest drivers marine habitat degradation. Yet, link between nutrients and disease epizootics in organisms often tenuous supported only by correlative data. Here, we present experimental evidence that chronic nutrient exposure leads to increases both prevalence severity coral bleaching scleractinian corals, major habitat‐forming tropical reefs. Over 3 years, from June 2009 2012, continuously exposed areas a reef elevated levels nitrogen phosphorus. At termination enrichment, surveyed over 1200 corals for signs or bleaching. Siderastrea siderea within enrichment plots had twofold increase compared with unenriched control plots. In addition, increased bleaching; Agaricia spp. suffered 3.5‐fold frequency relative providing empirical support hypothesized bleaching‐induced declines. However, 1 year later, after been terminated 10 months, there were no differences previously enriched treatments. Given our enrichments well ranges ambient concentrations found on many degraded reefs worldwide, these data provide strong idea coastal factors contributing increasing also suggest simple improvements water quality may be an effective way mitigate some corresponding loss cover future.

Language: Английский

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Agrochemicals increase trematode infections in a declining amphibian species

Nature, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 455(7217), P. 1235 - 1239

Published: Oct. 1, 2008

Language: Английский

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The cause of global amphibian declines: a developmental endocrinologist's perspective

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 213(6), P. 921 - 933

Published: Feb. 26, 2010

Greater than 70% of the world's amphibian species are in decline. We propose that there is probably not a single cause for global declines and present three-tiered hierarchical approach addresses interactions among between ultimate proximate factors contribute to declines. There two immediate (proximate) causes declines: death decreased recruitment (reproductive failure). Although much attention has focused on death, few studies have addressed as result failed recruitment. Further, great deal role pathogens inducing diseases but we suggest pathogen success profoundly affected by four other factors: atmospheric change, environmental pollutants, habitat modification invasive species. Environmental pollutants arise likely important because they realized potential affect many documented immunosuppressive effects pesticides, suggesting contaminants increased virulence disease rates. Increased interact with addressing this crisis.

Language: Английский

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Anthropogenic Land Use Change and Infectious Diseases: A Review of the Evidence

EcoHealth, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 619 - 632

Published: May 22, 2014

Language: Английский

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The challenges of anaerobic digestion and the role of biochar in optimizing anaerobic digestion

Waste Management, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 61, P. 236 - 249

Published: Dec. 5, 2016

Language: Английский

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Direct and Indirect Effects of Climate Change on Amphibian Populations

Diversity, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 281 - 313

Published: Feb. 25, 2010

As part of an overall decline in biodiversity, populations many organisms are declining and species being lost at unprecedented rates around the world. This includes amphibians. Although numerous factors affecting amphibian populations, we show potential direct indirect effects climate change on amphibians individual, population community level. Shifts ranges predicted. Changes may affect survival, growth, reproduction dispersal capabilities. Moreover, can alter habitats including vegetation, soil, hydrology. Climate influence food availability, predator-prey relationships competitive interactions which structure. also pathogen-host dynamics greatly how diseases manifested. interact with other stressors such as UV-B radiation contaminants. The among all these complex probably driving some declines extinctions.

Language: Английский

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Effects of environmental change on wildlife health

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 364(1534), P. 3429 - 3438

Published: Oct. 15, 2009

Environmental change has negatively affected most biological systems on our planet and is becoming of increasing concern for the well-being survival many species. At an organism level, effects encompass not only endocrine disruptions, sex-ratio changes decreased reproductive parameters, but also include teratogenic genotoxic effects, immunosuppression other immune-system impairments that can lead directly to disease or increase risk acquiring disease. Living organisms will strive maintain health by recognizing resolving abnormal situations, such as presence invading microorganisms harmful peptides, cell replication deleterious mutations. However, fast-paced environmental may pose additional pressure immunocompetence maintenance, which seriously impact population viability persistence. Here, we outline importance a functional immune system examine exposure rapidly changing environment might exert immunocompetence. We then address various levels at anthropogenic affect wildlife identify potential deficits in parameters arise owing new challenges context environment. Throughout paper, series examples case studies are used illustrate health.

Language: Английский

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¿Cómo afectará el cambio climático a los parásitos y las enfermedades infecciosas de los animales acuáticos?

Revue Scientifique et Technique de l OIE, Journal Year: 2008, Volume and Issue: 27(2), P. 467 - 484

Published: Aug. 1, 2008

Climate change is predicted to have important effects on parasitism and disease in freshwater marine ecosystems, with consequences for human health socio-economics. The distribution of parasites pathogens will be directly affected by global warming, but also indirectly, through host range abundance. To date, numerous outbreaks, especially organisms, been associated climatic events such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. In general, transmission rates are expected increase increasing temperature. Evidence suggests that virulence some may warming. climate superimposed onto other anthropogenic stressors contaminants, habitat loss species introductions. This combination work cumulatively or synergistically exacerbate negative organisms populations. Climatic diseases key cascade food webs, entire ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Key sustainability challenges for the global phosphorus resource, their implications for global food security, and options for mitigation

Journal of Cleaner Production, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 140, P. 945 - 963

Published: July 4, 2016

Language: Английский

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