Evolution of species interactions determines microbial community productivity in new environments

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 1235 - 1245

Published: Nov. 11, 2014

Abstract Diversity generally increases ecosystem productivity over short timescales. Over longer timescales, both ecological and evolutionary responses to new environments could alter diversity–productivity relationships. In turn, diversity might affect how component species adapt conditions. We tested these ideas by culturing artificial microbial communities containing between 1 12 in three different for ∼60 generations. The relationship community yields became steeper time one environment. This occurred despite a general tendency the separate of isolates constituent be lower at end if they had evolved more diverse community. Statistical comparisons showed that interactions less negative time, especially communities. evolution therefore interacted enhance

Language: Английский

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A Gain-of-Function Polymorphism Controlling Complex Traits and Fitness in Nature

Science, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 337(6098), P. 1081 - 1084

Published: Aug. 30, 2012

Identification of the causal genes that control complex trait variation remains challenging, limiting our appreciation evolutionary processes influence polymorphisms in nature. We cloned a quantitative locus controls plant defensive chemistry, damage by insect herbivores, survival, and reproduction natural environments where this polymorphism evolved. These ecological effects are driven duplications BCMA (branched-chain methionine allocation) loci controlling two selectively favored amino acid changes glucosinolate-biosynthetic cytochrome P450 proteins they encode. cause gain novel enzyme function, modulated allelic differences catalytic rate gene copy number. Ecological interactions diverse likely contribute to widespread biochemical function.

Language: Английский

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Testing for coevolutionary diversification: linking pattern with process

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 29(2), P. 82 - 89

Published: Dec. 4, 2013

Language: Английский

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Evidence for adaptive radiation from a phylogenetic study of plant defenses

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 106(43), P. 18067 - 18072

Published: Sept. 11, 2009

One signature of adaptive radiation is a high level trait change early during the diversification process and plateau toward end radiation. Although study tempo evolution has historically been domain paleontologists, recently developed phylogenetic tools allow for rigorous examination in tremendous diversity organisms. Enemy-driven was key prediction Ehrlich Raven's coevolutionary hypothesis [Ehrlich PR, Raven PH (1964) Evolution 18:586–608], yet remained largely untested. Here we examine patterns 51 North American milkweed species ( Asclepias ), using maximum likelihood methods. We 7 traits milkweeds, ranging from seed size foliar physiological to defense (cardenolides, latex, trichomes) previously shown impact herbivores, including monarch butterfly. compare fit simple random-walk models that incorporate stabilizing selection (Ornstein-Ulenbeck process), as well time-varying rates evolution. Early bursts were implicated 2 traits, while several others. further modeled relationship between allowing vary Species-rich lineages underwent proportionately greater decline latex cardenolides relative species-poor lineages, rate most rapid An interpretation this result reduced investment defensive accelerated diversification, disproportionately so, milkweeds.

Language: Английский

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The Princeton Guide to Evolution

Princeton University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 4, 2013

The Princeton Guide to Evolution is a comprehensive, concise, and authoritative reference the major subjects key concepts in evolutionary biology, from genes mass extinctions. Edited by distinguished team of biologists, with contributions leading researchers, guide contains some 100 clear, accurate, up-to-date articles on most important topics seven areas: phylogenetics history life; selection adaptation; processes; genes, genomes, phenotypes; speciation macroevolution; evolution behavior, society, humans; modern society. Complete more than illustrations (including eight pages color), glossaries terms, suggestions for further reading each topic, an index, this essential volume undergraduate graduate students, scientists related fields, anyone else serious interest evolution. Explains concise written biologists Contains illustrations, including color Each article includes outline, glossary, bibliography, cross-references Covers society

Language: Английский

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