The importance of the microbiome of the plant holobiont

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 206(4), P. 1196 - 1206

Published: Feb. 5, 2015

Plants can no longer be considered as standalone entities and a more holistic perception is needed. Indeed, plants harbor wide diversity of microorganisms both inside outside their tissues, in the endosphere ectosphere, respectively. These microorganisms, which mostly belong to Bacteria Fungi, are involved major functions such plant nutrition resistance biotic abiotic stresses. Hence, microbiota impact growth survival, two key components fitness. Plant fitness therefore consequence per se its microbiota, collectively form holobiont. Complementary reductionist evolutionary pressures acting on or symbiotic compartments, holobiont concept requires novel evolution. The interlinkages between explored here light current ecological theories. Microbiome complexity rules microbiotic community assemblage not yet fully understood. It suggested that modulate dynamically adjust environment. To better understand level dependence components, core need determined at different hierarchical scales ecology while pan-microbiome analyses would improve characterization displayed.

Language: Английский

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Multiorganismal Insects: Diversity and Function of Resident Microorganisms

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 60(1), P. 17 - 34

Published: Oct. 23, 2014

All insects are colonized by microorganisms on the insect exoskeleton, in gut and hemocoel, within cells. The microbiota is generally different from external environment, including ingested food. Specifically, certain microbial taxa favored conditions resources habitat, their tolerance of immunity, specific mechanisms for transmission. resident can promote fitness contributing to nutrition, especially providing essential amino acids, B vitamins, and, fungal partners, sterols. Some protect hosts against pathogens, parasitoids, other parasites synthesizing toxins or modifying immune system. Priorities future research include elucidation contributions detoxification, plant allelochemicals phytophagous insects, resistance pathogens; as well role among-insect communication; potential value manipulation control pests.

Language: Английский

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Bacteriophage adhering to mucus provide a non–host-derived immunity

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 110(26), P. 10771 - 10776

Published: May 20, 2013

Mucosal surfaces are a main entry point for pathogens and the principal sites of defense against infection. Both bacteria phage associated with this mucus. Here we show that phage-to-bacteria ratios were increased, relative to adjacent environment, on all mucosal sampled, ranging from cnidarians humans. In vitro studies tissue culture cells without surface mucus demonstrated increase in abundance is dependent protects underlying epithelium bacterial Enrichment occurs via binding interactions between mucin glycoproteins Ig-like protein domains exposed capsids. particular, bind variable glycan residues coat glycoprotein component Metagenomic analysis found these proteins present phages sampled many environments, particularly locations surfaces. Based observations, bacteriophage adherence model provides ubiquitous, but non–host-derived, immunity applicable The suggests metazoan coevolve maintain adherence. This benefits host by limiting bacteria, through more frequent hosts. relationships shown here suggest symbiotic relationship hosts previously unrecognized antimicrobial actively

Language: Английский

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Stress and stability: applying the Anna Karenina principle to animal microbiomes

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 2(9)

Published: Aug. 23, 2017

Language: Английский

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Engineering Microbiomes to Improve Plant and Animal Health

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 23(10), P. 606 - 617

Published: Sept. 26, 2015

Language: Английский

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The coral core microbiome identifies rare bacterial taxa as ubiquitous endosymbionts

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 9(10), P. 2261 - 2274

Published: April 17, 2015

Abstract Despite being one of the simplest metazoans, corals harbor some most highly diverse and abundant microbial communities. Differentiating core, symbiotic bacteria from this host-associated consortium is essential for characterizing functional contributions but has not been possible yet. Here we characterize coral core microbiome demonstrate clear phylogenetic divisions between micro-scale, niche habitats within host. In doing so, discover seven distinct bacterial phylotypes that are universal to species, separated by thousands kilometres oceans. The two co-localized specifically with corals’ endosymbiotic algae symbiont-containing host cells. These symbioses likely facilitate success dinoflagellate endosymbiosis in environmental regimes.

Language: Английский

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Lifestyles in transition: evolution and natural history of the genus Lactobacillus

FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 41(Supp_1), P. S27 - S48

Published: June 1, 2017

Lactobacillus species are found in nutrient-rich habitats associated with food, feed, plants, animals and humans. Due to their economic importance, the metabolism, genetics phylogeny of lactobacilli have been extensively studied. However, past research primarily examined experimental settings abstracted from any natural history, ecological context which these bacteria exist evolve has received less attention. In this review, we synthesize phylogenetic, genomic metabolic metadata genus findings fine-scale phylogenetic functional analyses representative elucidate evolution history its members. The available evidence indicates a high level niche conservatism within well-supported groups genus, lifestyles ranging free-living strictly symbiotic. consistent model host-adapted lineages evolved ancestors, present-day displaying substantial variations terms reliance on environmental niches degree host specificity. This can provide framework for elucidation evolutionary valuable information improve use important industrial therapeutic applications.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the processes shaping mammalian gut microbiomes over evolutionary time

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Feb. 23, 2017

Abstract Whether mammal–microbiome interactions are persistent and specific over evolutionary time is controversial. Here we show that host phylogeny major dietary shifts have affected the distribution of different gut bacterial lineages did so on vastly phylogenetic resolutions. Diet mostly influences acquisition ancient large microbial lineages. Conversely, correlation with seen among more recently diverged lineages, consistent processes operating at similar timescales to evolution. Considering microbiomes appropriate scales allows us model their evolution along mammalian tree infer diets from predicted ancestors. Phylogenetic analyses support co-speciation as having a significant role in microbiome compositions. Highly co-speciating genera also associated immune diseases humans, laying path for future studies probe these bacteria signs co-evolution.

Language: Английский

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Ecology and evolution of metabolic cross-feeding interactions in bacteria

Natural Product Reports, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 35(5), P. 455 - 488

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

The causes and consequences of bacterial metabolic cross-feeding mutualisms.

Language: Английский

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Major evolutionary transitions in individuality

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 112(33), P. 10112 - 10119

Published: May 11, 2015

The evolution of life on earth has been driven by a small number major evolutionary transitions. These transitions have characterized individuals that could previously replicate independently, cooperating to form new, more complex form. For example, archaea and eubacteria formed eukaryotic cells, cells multicellular organisms. However, not all cooperative groups are en route How can we explain why or haven't taken place different branches the tree life? We break down into two steps: formation group transformation an integrated entity. show how these steps require cooperation, division labor, communication, mutual dependence, negligible within-group conflict. find certain ecological conditions ways in which played recurrent roles driving multiple In contrast, other factors relatively minor at many key points, such as kin discrimination mechanisms actively repress competition. More generally, identifying transitions, provide simpler unified description evolved.

Language: Английский

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