Rebuilding marine life

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 580(7801), P. 39 - 51

Published: April 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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A Global Deal For Nature: Guiding principles, milestones, and targets

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 5(4)

Published: April 5, 2019

The Global Deal for Nature sets an ambitious agenda to protect our biosphere through ecosystem conservation and land restoration.

Language: Английский

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Protecting the global ocean for biodiversity, food and climate

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 592(7854), P. 397 - 402

Published: March 17, 2021

Language: Английский

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Climate Change, Human Impacts, and Coastal Ecosystems in the Anthropocene

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(19), P. R1021 - R1035

Published: Oct. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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The Blue Acceleration: The Trajectory of Human Expansion into the Ocean

One Earth, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 43 - 54

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Does humanity's future lie in the ocean? As demand for resources continues to grow and land-based sources decline, expectations ocean as an engine of human development are increasing. Claiming marine space is not new humanity, but extent, intensity, diversity today's aspirations unprecedented. We describe this blue acceleration—a race among diverse often competing interests food, material, space. Exploring what reality means global how steer it a sustainable equitable way represents urgent challenge.

Language: Английский

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Global ensemble projections reveal trophic amplification of ocean biomass declines with climate change

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 116(26), P. 12907 - 12912

Published: June 11, 2019

While the physical dimensions of climate change are now routinely assessed through multimodel intercomparisons, projected impacts on global ocean ecosystem generally rely individual models with a specific set assumptions. To address these single-model limitations, we present standardized ensemble projections from six marine forced two Earth system and four emission scenarios without fishing. We derive average biomass trends associated uncertainties across food web. Without fishing, mean animal decreased by 5% (±4% SD) under low emissions 17% (±11% high 2100, an decline for every 1 °C warming. Projected declines were primarily driven increasing temperature decreasing primary production, more pronounced at higher trophic levels, process known as amplification. Fishing did not substantially alter effects change. Considerable regional variation featured strong increases latitudes decreases middle to latitudes, good model agreement direction but variable magnitude. Uncertainties due variations in similar. Ensemble performed well compared empirical data, emphasizing benefits inference project future outcomes. Our results indicate that consistently change, amplified levels. Next steps development include dynamic cumulative human impacts, management measures trends.

Language: Английский

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An Overview of Seabed Mining Including the Current State of Development, Environmental Impacts, and Knowledge Gaps

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Jan. 10, 2018

Rising demand for minerals and metals, including use in the technology sector, has led to a resurgence of interest exploration mineral resources located on seabed. Such resources, whether seafloor massive (polymetallic) sulfides around hydrothermal vents, cobalt-rich crusts flanks seamounts or fields manganese nodules abyssal plains, cannot be considered isolation distinctive, some cases unique, assemblages marine species associated with same habitats structures. In addition deposits, there is extracting methane from gas hydrates continental slopes rises. Many regions identified future seabed mining are already recognised as vulnerable ecosystems. Since its inception 1982, International Seabed Authority (ISA), charged regulating human activities deep-sea floor beyond shelf, issued 27 contracts exploration, encompassing combined area more than 1.4 million km2, continues develop rules commercial mining. At time, operations taking place within shelf areas nation states, generally at relatively shallow depths, others advanced stages planning. The first enterprise, expected target mineral-rich deeper waters, depths between 1,500 2,000 metres Papua New Guinea, scheduled begin early 2019. this review, we explore three broad aspects relating exploitation resources: (1) current state development such both national jurisdictions, (2) possible environmental impacts close distant (3) uncertainties gaps scientific knowledge understanding which render baseline impact assessments particularly difficult deep sea. We also consider alternative approaches management existing reserves may reduce incentives

Language: Английский

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The direct drivers of recent global anthropogenic biodiversity loss

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(45)

Published: Nov. 9, 2022

Effective policies to halt biodiversity loss require knowing which anthropogenic drivers are the most important direct causes. Whereas previous knowledge has been limited in scope and rigor, here we statistically synthesize empirical comparisons of recent driver impacts found through a wide-ranging review. We show that land/sea use change dominant worldwide. Direct exploitation natural resources ranks second pollution third; climate invasive alien species have significantly less than top two drivers. The oceans, where dominate, different hierarchy from land fresh water. It also varies among types indicators. For example, is more community composition changes populations. Stopping global requires actions tackle all major their interactions, not some them isolation.

Language: Английский

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Ocean Solutions to Address Climate Change and Its Effects on Marine Ecosystems

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Oct. 4, 2018

The Paris agreement target of limiting global surface warming to 1.5-2°C compared pre-industrial levels by 2100 will heavily impact the ocean. While ambitious mitigation and adaptation are both needed, ocean provides major opportunities for action reduce climate change globally its impacts on vital ecosystems ecosystem services. A comprehensive systematic assessment 13 global- local-scale, ocean-based measures was performed help steer development implementation technologies actions towards a sustainable outcome. We show that (1) all have tradeoffs multiple criteria must be used their potential, (2) greatest benefit is derived combining local solutions, some which could implemented or scaled-up immediately, (3) too uncertain recommended yet, (4) political consistency achieved through effective cross-scale governance mechanisms, (5) scientific effort focus effectiveness, co-benefits, disbenefits, costs poorly tested as well new emerging measures.

Language: Английский

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The MPA Guide: A framework to achieve global goals for the ocean

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 373(6560)

Published: Sept. 9, 2021

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are conservation tools intended to protect biodiversity, promote healthy and resilient marine ecosystems, provide societal benefits. Despite codification of MPAs in international agreements, MPA effectiveness is currently undermined by confusion about the many types consequent wildly differing outcomes. We present a clarifying science-driven framework—The Guide—to aid design evaluation. The guide categorizes stage establishment level protection, specifies resulting direct indirect outcomes for biodiversity human well-being, describes key conditions necessary positive Use this Guide scientists, managers, policy-makers, communities can improve effective design, implementation, assessment, tracking existing future achieve goals using scientifically grounded practices.

Language: Английский

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