Computational Biology and Machine Learning Approaches to Understand Mechanistic Microbiome-Host Interactions

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 11, 2021

The microbiome, by virtue of its interactions with the host, is implicated in various host functions including influence on nutrition and homeostasis. Many chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, inflammatory bowel are characterized a disruption microbial communities at least one biological niche/organ system. Various molecular mechanisms between components proteins, RNAs, metabolites have recently been identified, thus filling many gaps our understanding how microbiome modulates processes. Concurrently, high-throughput technologies enabled profiling heterogeneous datasets capturing community level changes well responses. However, due to limitations parallel sampling analytical procedures, big still exist terms mechanistically influences system level. In past decade, computational biology machine learning methodologies developed aim existing gaps. Due agnostic nature tools, they applied diverse disease contexts analyze infer components. Some these approaches allow identification analysis affected downstream Most tools statistically or integrate different types -omic meta followed functional/biological interpretation. this review, we provide an overview landscape for investigating mechanistic individual microbes/microbiome opportunities basic clinical research. These could include but not limited development activity- mechanism-based biomarkers, uncovering therapeutic interventions generating integrated signatures stratify patients.

Language: Английский

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Si Miao Formula attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota

Phytomedicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 85, P. 153544 - 153544

Published: March 11, 2021

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota and its metabolites: Bridge of dietary nutrients and obesity-related diseases

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 63(18), P. 3236 - 3253

Published: Oct. 26, 2021

While the incidence of obesity keeps increasing in both adults and children worldwide, its complications remain major threatens to human health. Over past decades, accumulating evidence has demonstrated importance microorganisms their metabolites pathogenesis related diseases. There also is a significant body validating efficacy microbial based therapies for managing various In this review, we collected key information pertinent obesity-related bacteria, fermentation substrates generated by studies involving humans and/or mice. We then briefly described possible molecular mechanisms which cause or inhibit with focus on metabolites. Lastly, summarized advantages disadvantages utilization probiotics, plant extracts, exercise controlling obesity. speculated that new targets combined approaches (e.g. diet exercise) could lead more precise prevention alleviation future clinical research implications.

Language: Английский

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The composition of the gut microbiota following early-life antibiotic exposure affects host health and longevity in later life

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(8), P. 109564 - 109564

Published: Aug. 1, 2021

Studies investigating whether there is a causative link between the gut microbiota and lifespan have largely been restricted to invertebrates or mice with reduced because of genetic deficiency. We investigate effect early-life antibiotic exposure on otherwise healthy, normal chow-fed, wild-type mice, monitoring these for more than 700 days in comparison untreated control mice. demonstrate emergence two different low-diversity community types, post-antibiotic (PAM) I PAM II, following exposure. II but not impaired immunity, increased insulin resistance, evidence inflammaging later life as well lifespan. Our data suggest that differences composition differentially affect host health longevity life.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of gut microbiota-immune-host interaction on glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Intestinal absorption of food is one the sources glucose. Insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance caused by lifestyle diet are precursors type 2 diabetes. Patients with diabetes have trouble controlling their blood sugar levels. For long-term health, strict glycemic management necessary. Although it thought to be well correlated metabolic diseases like obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, its molecular mechanism still not completely understood. Disturbed microbiota triggers gut immune response reshape homeostasis. This interaction only maintains dynamic changes intestinal flora, but also preserves integrity barrier. Meanwhile, establishes a systemic multiorgan dialog on gut-brain gut-liver axes, high-fat affects host’s feeding preference metabolism. Intervention in can combat decreased sensitivity linked both centrally peripherally. Moreover, pharmacokinetics oral hypoglycemic medications influenced microbiota. The accumulation drugs drug efficacy, composition function them, thus may help explain individual therapeutic variances pharmacological efficacy. Regulating through healthy dietary patterns or supplementing pro/prebiotics provide guidance for interventions people poor control. Traditional Chinese medicine used as complementary effectively regulate becoming new target against diseases, so more evidence needed elucidate intricate microbiota-immune-host relationship, explore potential targeting

Language: Английский

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