Microbiomes respond predictably to built habitats on the seafloor

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(23), P. 6686 - 6695

Published: May 14, 2022

The seafloor contains complex ecosystems where habitat heterogeneity influences biodiversity. Natural biological and geological features including vents, seeps reefs create habitats that select for distinct populations of micro- macrofauna. While largely studied macrobiological diversity, built may also microbiomes. Built density on the is increasing with ocean sprawl expanding in continental shelf slope, potentially having widespread effects benthic communities. This study addresses one type habitat, shipwrecks, microbiomes surrounding sediment. Using deep-sea sediment samples (762 total) from Gulf Mexico, we report elevated diversity a predictable core microbiome around nine shipwrecks. We show sphere influence extends up to 300 m onto seafloor. Supervised learning made predictions sample proximity structures based frequency taxa. Strongest occurred sediments nearest furthest sites archaea mid-transect bacteria. response was consistent across sites, while bacteria showed greater between site variability. archaeal shipwreck enriched taxa (e.g., Bathyarchaeia, Lokiarchaeia, Thermoplasmata) not present Shipwrecks shaped expected ways, providing insight how impact biodiversity Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Community structure of abyssal macrobenthos of the South and equatorial Atlantic Ocean - Identifying patterns and environmental controls

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 197, P. 104066 - 104066

Published: May 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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Global benthic biogeographical regions and macroecological drivers for ophiuroids

Ecography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023(9)

Published: June 28, 2023

Delineating biogeographical regions can provide important insights into the processes shaping large‐scale species distribution patterns. Here we aimed to 1) identify global marine benthic for ophiuroids extending from shallow waters deep sea and 2) quantify importance of contemporary environmental conditions geological features in delineated regions. We using a bipartite network analysis applied historical dataset brittle stars. then examined faunal exchanges between regions, random forest models evaluate relative role tectonic configuration underlying proposed biogeographic scheme. propose ten main large across benthos. The with highest richness endemicity rates were found Indo‐Pacific region, Tropical West Atlantic Southern Ocean, South America. key transition fall within subarctic areas Pacific surrounding Australia New Zealand. Tectonic configuration, surface temperature salinity be most predictors Our delineation, including sea, is partial agreement those previous studies. results suggest that (sea water salinity) strongly influence modern ophiuroids, but plate tectonics left marked imprint on regional pools. Future work based multiple taxa, better understanding are needed robustness our division.

Language: Английский

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Testing the Seamount Refuge Hypothesis for Predators and Scavengers in the Western Clarion-Clipperton Zone

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Aug. 19, 2021

Seamounts are common in all ocean basins, and most have summit depths >3,000 m. Nonetheless, these abyssal seamounts the least sampled understood seamount habitats. We report bait-attending community results from first baited camera deployments on seamounts. Observations were made Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ), a manganese nodule region stretching south of Hawaii nearly to Mexico. This zone is one main target areas for (potential) large-scale deep-sea mining very near future. The Seamount Refuge Hypothesis (SRH) posits that found throughout CCZ provide refugia fauna likely be disturbed by seabed mining, yielding potential source populations recolonization mined areas. Here we use cameras test prediction this hypothesis, specifically predator scavenger communities shared between nearby plains. deployed two systems three their surrounding plains different Areas Particular Environmental Interests (APEIs), designated International Seabed Authority as no-mining distinct community, differences compositions driven largely habitat type productivity changes. In fact, structures abyssal-plain hundreds kilometers apart more similar each other than ∼15 km away higher morphospecies richness lower evenness due high dominance synaphobranchid eels or penaeid shrimps. Relative abundances generally plains, but effect varied significantly among taxa. Seven morphotypes exclusive seamounts, including abundant morphospecies, cutthroat eel Ilyophis arx. No morphotype was plains; thus, cannot reject SRH much mobile megafaunal predator/scavenging However, small area compared suggest limited recolonizing post-mining disturbance. Because unique compositions, substantial number not they contribute beta biodiversity Clarion-Clipperton Zone, thus indirect impacts those concern.

Language: Английский

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Crustaceans of the Northwest Pacific Ocean: Species richness and distribution patterns

Journal of Sea Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 191, P. 102332 - 102332

Published: Dec. 27, 2022

Biodiversity patterns of marine crustaceans are still unknown in many locations or might have been overlooked due to our knowledge gaps, despite increasing sampling and data sharing efforts during the last decades. By analysing big extracted from open portals such as Ocean Information System (OBIS) Global (GBIF), we aim revisit distribution biodiversity highly speciose abundant Crustacea Northwest Pacific (NWP) shallowest depths deep sea. This study focussed on selected benthic pelagic crustacean (sub) classes their species richness, effort, expected richness (ES50) using equal/sized hexagonal cells, 5° latitudinal bands, 500 m depth intervals were analyzed. Crustacean was highest tropical Philippines well around Japanese islands. Pelagic peaked at 30° latitude declined beyond that. Benthic taxa; however, depicted high levels across most gradient, reaching its point 45° latitude. Due prevalence certain orders sea, showed a pattern with two distinct peaks bathymetric gradients; recorded shallow-water also abyssal depths. The important environmental drivers primary productivity (positive correlation) salinity (negative correlation). Our provides first insights into diverse NWP highlights strong differences between taxa. results presented here could help us better understand whether taxa respond differently climate changes based physiological biological characteristics. information is crucial establishing management strategies ecosystem restorations both shallow water deep-sea environments.

Language: Английский

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Insights from the management of offshore energy resources: Toward an ecosystem-services based management approach for deep-ocean industries

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

The deep ocean comprises complex ecosystems made up of numerous community and habitat types that provide multiple services benefit humans. As the industrialization sea proceeds, a standardized robust set methods metrics need to be developed monitor baseline conditions any anthropogenic climate change-related impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem function, services. Here, we review what have learned from studies involving offshore-energy industries, including state-of-the-art technologies strategies for obtaining reliable deep-sea biodiversity function. An approach includes detection monitoring services, with open access data sectors, can help improve our global capacity management ocean.

Language: Английский

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New Opportunities and Untapped Scientific Potential in the Abyssal Ocean

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

The abyssal ocean covers more than half of the Earth’s surface, yet remains understudied and underappreciated. In this Perspectives article, we mark occasion Deep Submergence Vehicle Alvin’s increased depth range (from 4500 to 6500 m) highlight scientific potential seafloor. From a geologic perspective, ultra-slow spreading mid-ocean ridges, Petit Spot volcanism, transform faults, subduction zones put full life cycle oceanic crust on display in abyss, revealing constructive destructive forces over wide ranges time space. Geochemically, pressure regime influences solubility constituents such as silica carbonate, extremely high-temperature fluid-rock reactions shallow subsurface lead distinctive potentially unique geochemical profiles. Microbial residents from low-abundance, low-energy communities plains fast growing thermophiles at hydrothermal vents. Given its spatial extent position an intermediate zone between coastal deep hadal settings, abyss represents lynchpin global-scale processes nutrient energy flux, population structure, biogeographic diversity. Taken together, contributes critical ecosystem services while facing acute diffuse anthropogenic threats deep-sea mining, pollution, climate change.

Language: Английский

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Habitat variability and faunal zonation at the Ægir Ridge, a canyon-like structure in the deep Norwegian Sea

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10, P. e13394 - e13394

Published: June 15, 2022

The Ægir Ridge System (ARS) is an ancient extinct spreading axis in the Nordic seas extending from upper slope east of Iceland (∼550 m depth), as part its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), to a depth ∼3,800 Norwegian basin. Geomorphologically rift valley, ARS has canyon-like structure that may promote increased diversity and faunal density. main objective this study was characterize benthic habitats related macro- megabenthic communities along ARS, influence water mass variables on them. During IceAGE3 expedition (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics Ecology) RV Sonne June 2020, were surveyed by means remotely-operated vehicle (ROV) epibenthic sledge (EBS). For purpose, two working areas selected, including abyssal stations northeast bathyal southwest ARS. Video still images seabed usedtoqualitatively describebenthic based presence habitat-forming taxa physical environment. Patterns community composition soft-sediment macrofauna, retrieved EBS, analyzed semiquantitative manner. These biological data complemented producing high-resolution bathymetric maps using vessel’s multi-beam echosounder system. As suspected, we able identify differences species number megafaunal associated with gradient. A canyon effect became evident dense aggregates filter feeders elevated macrofaunal densities. Analysis videos ROV transects also led discovery ofVulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) dominated sponges soft corals characteristic Arctic region. Directions for future research encompass more detailed, quantitative megafauna coherent sampling over entire range order fully capture biota sensitive biogenic habitats, alongside seemingly high biodiversity naturalness are supportive ongoing considerations designating “Ecologically Biologically Significant Area” (EBSA).

Language: Английский

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Generation and evolution of the oceanic lithosphere in the North Atlantic

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 45(9), P. 587 - 659

Published: June 20, 2022

Abstract Half a century ago, our view of the Earth shifted from that Planet with fixed continents and ancient stable ocean basins to one wandering young, active basins, reviving Wegener’s Continental Drift had rested dormant for years. The lithosphere is external, mostly solid relatively rigid layer Earth, thickness composition different below oceans within continents. We will review processes leading generation evolution Earth’s lies beneath oceans. discuss how oceanic generated along mid-ocean ridges due upwelling convecting hot mantle. consider in particular occurring northern Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) Iceland equator, including formation transform offsets. then focus on Vema fracture zone at 10°–11° N, where ~ 300 km long uplifted exposed sliver allows reconstruct segment MAR 25 million years ago Present. This axial ridge formed 50 reaches today 80 length. degree melting subridge mantle increased 16 today, although some oscillations. presently becomes colder and/or less fertile going Equator, “waves” hot/fertile migrating southwards Azores plume. Scientific revolutions seem occur periodically history Science; we wonder when next revolution take place Science, what extent present views have be modified.

Language: Английский

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Seafloor bioturbation intensity on the deep sea: More complex than organic matter

Limnology and Oceanography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 69(8), P. 1857 - 1869

Published: July 20, 2024

Abstract Deep‐sea benthic communities are strongly controlled by the quantity and quality of organic matter sinking from ocean surface. The interaction between fauna seafloor sediments mainly occurs through bioturbation that modifies substrate properties (e.g., geochemical profiles). intensity has long been linked with measured as a diffusive process considering vertical particle reworking (endobenthic bioturbation), disregarding horizontal mixing (epibenthic bioturbation). Here, novel approach to quantify is presented: Seafloor Bioturbation Intensity (SBI). SBI calculations were based on image datasets eight stations reflected different environmental conditions in north‐western Pacific chlorophyll , silicate). To calculate SBI, we characterized area occupied all types traces (i.e., lebensspuren) related epibenthic bioturbation, trace makers, their ingested sediment thickness. Our results showed weak negative correlation SBI. This relationship contrast traditionally held view intensity, where dominant positive expected. It demonstrated lebensspuren morphotypes contributed differently Not morphotypes—and, extension, corresponding makers—are equally same factors. investigation does not dismiss importance content, but emphasizes other variables need be considered when determining long‐term relation intensity. Finally, emphasize characterizing for approaching global biogeochemical cycles conservational strategies.

Language: Английский

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