Plant nitrogen nutrition: The roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Journal of Plant Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 269, P. 153591 - 153591

Published: Dec. 14, 2021

Language: Английский

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The mycorrhiza-specific ammonium transporter ZmAMT3;1 mediates mycorrhiza-dependent nitrogen uptake in maize roots

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(10), P. 4066 - 4087

Published: July 26, 2022

Abstract Most plant species can form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs), which may enhance the host plant’s acquisition of soil nutrients. In contrast to phosphorus nutrition, molecular mechanism nitrogen (N) uptake remains largely unknown, and its physiological relevance is unclear. Here, we identified a gene encoding an AMF-inducible ammonium transporter, ZmAMT3;1, in maize (Zea mays) roots. ZmAMT3;1 was specifically expressed arbuscule-containing cortical cells encoded protein localized at peri-arbuscular membrane. Functional analysis yeast Xenopus oocytes indicated that mediated high-affinity transport, substrate NH4+ being accessed, but likely translocating uncharged NH3. Phosphorylation C-terminus suppressed transport activity. Using ZmAMT3;1-RNAi transgenic lines grown compartmented pot experiments, demonstrated substantial quantities N were transferred from AMF plants, 68%–74% this capacity conferred by ZmAMT3;1. Under field conditions, ZmAMT3;1-dependent pathway contributed >30% postsilking uptake. Furthermore, AMFs downregulated ZmAMT1;1a ZmAMT1;3 abundance activities root epidermis, suggesting trade-off between direct N-uptake pathways. Taken together, our results provide comprehensive understanding mycorrhiza-dependent present promising approach improve N-acquisition efficiency via plant–microbe interactions.

Language: Английский

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Contributions of Beneficial Microorganisms in Soil Remediation and Quality Improvement of Medicinal Plants

Plants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(23), P. 3200 - 3200

Published: Nov. 23, 2022

Medicinal plants (MPs) are important resources widely used in the treatment and prevention of diseases have attracted much attention owing to their significant antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant other activities. However, soil degradation, caused by continuous cropping, excessive chemical fertilizers pesticide residues heavy metal contamination, seriously restricts growth quality formation MPs. Microorganisms, as major biota soil, play a critical role restoration land ecosystem. Rhizosphere microecology directly or indirectly affects development, metabolic regulation active ingredient accumulation Microbial resources, with advantages economic efficiency, harmless environment non-toxic organisms, been recommended promising alternative conventional pesticides. The introduction beneficial microbes promotes adaptability MPs adversity stress enhancing fertility, inhibiting pathogens inducing systemic resistance. On hand, it can improve medicinal removing pollutants, reducing absorption harmful substances regulating synthesis secondary metabolites. ecological benefits microbiome agricultural practices increasingly recognized, but current understanding interaction between conditions, root exudates microbial communities mechanism rhizosphere affecting metabolism is still quite limited. More research needed investigate effects on different species. Therefore, present review summarizes main issues plant cultivation, functions remediation promotion potential further guide use promote cultivation sustainable development

Language: Английский

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Genetic Engineering and Genome Editing for Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Plants

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 3303 - 3303

Published: Nov. 25, 2021

Low nitrogen availability is one of the main limiting factors for plant growth and development, high doses N fertilizers are necessary to achieve yields in agriculture. However, most not used by plants pollutes environment. This situation can be improved enhancing use efficiency (NUE) plants. NUE a complex trait driven multiple interactions between genetic environmental factors, its improvement requires fundamental understanding key steps metabolism—uptake, assimilation, remobilization. review summarizes two decades research into bioengineering modification metabolism increase biomass accumulation yield crops. The expression structural regulatory genes was often altered using overexpression strategies, although RNAi genome editing techniques were also used. Particular attention paid woody plants, which have great economic importance, play crucial role ecosystems differences from herbaceous species. considers issue unintended effects transgenic with modified metabolism, e.g., early flowering—a topic currently receiving little attention. future prospects improving crops, essential development sustainable agriculture, various approaches context global climate change, discussed.

Language: Английский

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Medicago SPX1 and SPX3 regulate phosphate homeostasis, mycorrhizal colonization, and arbuscule degradation

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(11), P. 3470 - 3486

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

Abstract To acquire sufficient mineral nutrients such as phosphate (Pi) from the soil, most plants engage in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Attracted by plant-secreted strigolactones (SLs), fungi colonize roots and form highly branched hyphal structures called arbuscules inside inner cortex cells. The host plant must control different steps of this interaction to maintain its symbiotic nature. However, how sense amount Pi obtained fungus, determines arbuscule lifespan, are far understood. Here, we show that Medicago truncatula SPX-domain containing proteins SPX1 SPX3 regulate root starvation responses, part interacting PHOSPHATE RESPONSE REGULATOR2, well fungal colonization degradation. induced upon but become more restricted arbuscule-containing cells establishment symbiosis. This induction is associated presence cis-regulatory AW-boxes transcriptional regulation WRINKLED1-like transcription factor WRI5a. Under Pi-limiting conditions, facilitate expression SL biosynthesis gene DWARF27, which could help explain increased branching response exudates. Later, cells, redundantly Thus, SPX play important roles sensors a beneficial AM

Language: Английский

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SlSPX1-SlPHR complexes mediate the suppression of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis by phosphate repletion in tomato

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(10), P. 4045 - 4065

Published: July 21, 2022

Abstract Forming mutualistic symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizae (AMs) improves the acquisition of mineral nutrients for most terrestrial plants. However, formation AM symbiosis usually occurs under phosphate (Pi)-deficient conditions. Here, we identify SlSPX1 (SYG1 (suppressor yeast GPA1)/Pho81(phosphate 81)/XPR1 (xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1) as major repressor in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) phosphate-replete Loss function promotes direct Pi uptake enhances colonization We determine that integrates signaling by directly interacting a set arbuscule-induced SlPHR proteins (SlPHR1, SlPHR4, SlPHR10, SlPHR11, SlPHR12). The association represses ability to activate marker genes required mycorrhizal symbiosis. exhibit functional redundancy, no defective was detected single mutant proteins. silencing SlPHR4 Slphr1 background led reduced colonization. Therefore, our results support conclusion SlSPX1-SlPHRs form Pi-sensing module coordinate different Pi-availability

Language: Английский

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Research advances on endophytic fungi and their bioactive metabolites

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 46(2), P. 165 - 170

Published: Dec. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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Microbe‐dependent and independent nitrogen and phosphate acquisition and regulation in plants

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 242(4), P. 1507 - 1522

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

Summary Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the most important macronutrients required for plant growth development. To cope with limited uneven distribution of N P in complicated soil environments, plants have evolved intricate molecular strategies to improve nutrient acquisition that involve adaptive root development, production exudates, assistance microbes. Recently, great advances been made understanding regulation uptake utilization how balance direct nutrients from beneficial microbes such as arbuscular mycorrhiza. Here, we summarize major these areas highlight responses changes availability external environment through local systemic signals.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking the potentials of nitrate transporters at improving plant nitrogen use efficiency

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Nitrate ( NO3- ) transporters have been identified as the primary targets involved in plant nitrogen (N) uptake, transport, assimilation, and remobilization, all of which are key determinants use efficiency (NUE). However, less attention has directed toward influence nutrients environmental cues on expression activities id="im2">NO3- transporters. To better understand how these function improving NUE, this review critically examined roles id="im3">NO3- N distribution processes. It also described their crop productivity especially when co-expressed with other transcription factors, discussed transporters’ functional helping plants cope adverse conditions. We equally established possible impacts id="im4">NO3- uptake utilization while suggesting strategic approaches to NUE plants. Understanding specificity is crucial achieving crops within a given environment.

Language: Английский

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Potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for soil health: A review

Pedosphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(2), P. 279 - 288

Published: Feb. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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