European aerosol phenomenology − 8: Harmonised source apportionment of organic aerosol using 22 Year-long ACSM/AMS datasets

Environment International, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 166, P. 107325 - 107325

Published: May 31, 2022

Organic aerosol (OA) is a key component of total submicron particulate matter (PM1), and comprehensive knowledge OA sources across Europe crucial to mitigate PM1 levels. has well-established air quality research infrastructure from which yearlong datasets using 21 chemical speciation monitors (ACSMs) 1 mass spectrometer (AMS) were gathered during 2013-2019. It includes 9 non-urban 13 urban sites. This study developed state-of-the-art source apportionment protocol analyse long-term spectrum data by applying the most advanced strategies (i.e., rolling PMF, ME-2, bootstrap). harmonised was followed strictly for all 22 datasets, making results more comparable. In addition, it enables quantification common components such as hydrocarbon-like (HOA), biomass burning (BBOA), cooking-like (COA), oxidised-oxygenated (MO-OOA), less (LO-OOA). Other coal combustion (CCOA), solid fuel (SFOA: mainly mixture peat combustion), cigarette smoke (CSOA), sea salt (mostly inorganic but part spectrum), coffee OA, ship industry could also be separated at few specific Oxygenated (OOA) make up (average = 71.1%, range 43.7 100%). Solid combustion-related BBOA, CCOA, SFOA) are still considerable with in 16.0% yearly contribution yet winter months (21.4%). Overall, this works effectively sites governed different generates robust consistent results. Our work presents overview unique combination high time resolution (30-240 min) coverage (9-36 months), providing essential information improve/validate quality, health impact, climate models.

Language: Английский

---

Secondary organic aerosols from anthropogenic volatile organic compounds contribute substantially to air pollution mortality

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(14), P. 11201 - 11224

Published: July 27, 2021

Abstract. Anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (ASOA), formed from anthropogenic emissions of compounds, constitutes a substantial fraction the mass submicron in populated areas around world and contributes to poor air quality premature mortality. However, precursor sources ASOA are poorly understood, there large uncertainties health benefits that might accrue reducing emissions. We show production 11 urban on three continents is strongly correlated with reactivity specific volatile compounds. The differences across different cities can be explained by aromatics intermediate- semi-volatile indicating importance controlling these precursors. With an improved model representation driven observations, we attribute 340 000 PM2.5-related deaths per year ASOA, which over order magnitude higher than prior studies. A sensitivity case more recently proposed for attributing mortality PM2.5 (the Global Exposure Mortality Model) results up 900 deaths. limitation this study extrapolation detailed studies regions where emission inventories available other larger. In addition further development institutional management infrastructure, comprehensive campaigns countries South Central America, Africa, Asia, Middle East needed progress area.

Language: Английский

---

Parameterizations of US wildfire and prescribed fire emission ratios and emission factors based on FIREX-AQ aircraft measurements

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 929 - 956

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Abstract. Extensive airborne measurements of non-methane organic gases (NMOGs), methane, nitrogen oxides, reduced species, and aerosol emissions from US wild prescribed fires were conducted during the 2019 NOAA/NASA Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments Air Quality campaign (FIREX-AQ). Here, we report atmospheric enhancement ratios (ERs) inferred emission factors (EFs) for compounds measured board NASA DC-8 research aircraft nine wildfires one fire, which encompass a range vegetation types. We use photochemical proxies identify young smoke reduce effects chemical degradation our calculations. ERs EFs calculated FIREX-AQ observations agree within factor 2, with values reported previous laboratory field studies more than 80 % carbon- nitrogen-containing species. Wildfire are parameterized based correlations sum NMOGs reactive oxides (NOy) modified combustion efficiency (MCE) as well other signatures indicative flaming/smoldering combustion, including carbon monoxide (CO), dioxide (NO2), black aerosol. The primary NMOG correlates MCE an R2 0.68 slope −296 ± 51 g kg−1, consistent studies. mixing CO 0.98 137 4 ppbv per parts million by volume (ppmv) CO, demonstrating that can be estimated CO. Individual species correlate better NO2, NOy, More half NOy in fresh plumes is NO2 0.95 ratio 0.55 0.05 ppbv−1, highlighting fast photochemistry had already occurred sampled fire plumes. follows trends observed experiments increases exponentially MCE, due increased key at higher flaming combustion. These parameterizations will provide accurate boundary conditions modeling satellite plume chemistry evolution predict downwind formation secondary pollutants, ozone

Language: Английский

---

Nighttime and daytime dark oxidation chemistry in wildfire plumes: an observation and model analysis of FIREX-AQ aircraft data

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(21), P. 16293 - 16317

Published: Nov. 8, 2021

Abstract. Wildfires are increasing in size across the western US, leading to increases human smoke exposure and associated negative health impacts. The impact of biomass burning (BB) smoke, including wildfires, on regional air quality depends emissions, transport, chemistry, oxidation emitted BB volatile organic compounds (BBVOCs) by hydroxyl radical (OH), nitrate (NO3), ozone (O3). During daytime, when light penetrates plumes, BBVOCs oxidized mainly O3 OH. In contrast, at night or optically dense NO3. This work focuses transition between daytime nighttime oxidation, which has significant implications for formation secondary pollutants loss nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) been understudied. We present wildfire plume observations made during FIREX-AQ (Fire Influence Regional Global Environments Air Quality), a field campaign involving multiple aircraft, ground, satellite, mobile platforms that took place United States summer 2019 study both agricultural emissions atmospheric chemistry. use from two research NASA DC-8 NOAA Twin Otter, with detailed chemical box model, updated phenolic mechanisms, analyze sampled midday, sunset, nighttime. Aircraft suggest range NO3 production rates (0.1–1.5 ppbv h−1) plumes transported midday after dark. Modeled initial instantaneous reactivity toward NO3, OH, is 80.1 %, 87.7 99.6 respectively. Initial 10–104 times greater than typical values forested urban environments, reactions account >97 % sunlit (jNO2 up 4×10-3s-1), while conventional photochemical through reaction NO photolysis minor pathways. Alkenes furans mostly OH (11 %–43 54 %–88 alkenes; 18 %–55 39 %–76 furans, respectively), but split O3, (26 %–52 22 16 %–33 respectively). Nitrate accounts 26 sunset an thick plume. Nitrocatechol yields varied 33 45 chemistry late day responsible 72 %–92 (84 plume) nitrocatechol controls nitrophenolic overall. As result, overnight pathways 56 %±2 NOx sunrise following day. all one we modeled, there was remaining (13 %–57 %) (8 %–72 sunrise.

Language: Английский

---

Apportionment of black and brown carbon spectral absorption sources in the urban environment of Athens, Greece, during winter

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 801, P. 149739 - 149739

Published: Aug. 20, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Simulation of organics in the atmosphere: evaluation of EMACv2.54 with the Mainz Organic Mechanism (MOM) coupled to the ORACLE (v1.0) submodel

Geoscientific model development, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 2673 - 2710

Published: April 1, 2022

Abstract. An updated and expanded representation of organics in the chemistry general circulation model EMAC (ECHAM5/MESSy for Atmospheric Chemistry) has been evaluated. First, comprehensive Mainz Organic Mechanism (MOM) submodel MECCA (Module Efficiently Calculating Chemistry Atmosphere) was activated with explicit degradation organic species up to five carbon atoms a simplified mechanism larger molecules. Second, ORACLE (version 1.0) now considers condensation on aerosols all mechanism. Parameterizations aerosol yields are used only lumped that not included The simultaneous usage MOM allows an efficient estimation chemical simulated volatile compounds but also contribution growth fate (organic) aerosol, complexity largely increased compared simulations more chemistry. evaluation presented here reveals OH concentration is reproduced well globally, whereas significant biases observed oxygenated present. We investigate properties their composition, showing sophisticated process-oriented secondary formation does degrade good agreement previous configurations observations at surface, allowing further research field gas–aerosol interactions.

Language: Английский

---

Rapid night-time nanoparticle growth in Delhi driven by biomass-burning emissions

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 224 - 230

Published: March 1, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Iron content in aerosol particles and its impact on atmospheric chemistry

Chemical Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(14), P. 1840 - 1855

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Atmospheric aerosol effects on ecological and human health remain uncertain due to their highly complex evolving nature when suspended in air.

Language: Английский

---

Sources of Wintertime Atmospheric Organic Pollutants in a Large Canadian City: Insights from Particle and Gas Phase Measurements

ACS ES&T Air, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(7), P. 690 - 703

Published: May 3, 2024

Although atmospheric organic pollutants have been extensively studied to elucidate summertime urban photochemical air pollution, uncertainties remain concerning the quality of wintertime in large northern North American cities. Here, we used online mass spectrometric measurements volatile compounds (VOCs) and aerosol (OA), combined with positive matrix factorization (PMF), identify sources downtown Toronto, Canada during February–March 2023. In some cases, comparable PMF factors were identified for both VOCs OA, such as from traffic, cooking, background oxygenated sources. However, VOC yielded additional information, a factor associated human-related emissions VOCs. Additionally, yields two traffic factors: one likely related gasoline diesel use. Despite cold relatively dark conditions, OA grow intensity daytime, indicative activity, whereas cooking enhanced morning late evening due timing vehicle use, boundary layer effects. This study illustrates benefits that arise parallel source–receptor analyses gases particles.

Language: Английский

---

The Influence of Heterogeneous Processes on the Physicochemical Properties of Atmospheric Aerosols

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Language: Английский

---