A multi-peak performance landscape for scale-biting in an adaptive radiation of pupfishes

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 227(16)

Published: July 26, 2024

ABSTRACT The physical interactions between organisms and their environment ultimately shape diversification rates, but the contributions of biomechanics to evolutionary divergence are frequently overlooked. Here, we estimated a performance landscape for biting in an adaptive radiation Cyprinodon pupfishes, including scale-biting molluscivore specialists, compared peaks with previous estimates fitness this system. We used high-speed video film feeding strikes on gelatin cubes by scale eater, molluscivore, generalist hybrid pupfishes measured bite dimensions. then five kinematic variables from 227 using SLEAP machine-learning model. found complex two distinct best predicted gel-biting performance, corresponding significant non-linear interaction peak gape jaw protrusion. Only eaters hybrids were able perform within highest peak, characterized larger gapes greater A valley separated lower accessible all species, smaller less However, most individuals exhibited substantial variation strike kinematics species could not be reliably distinguished strikes, indicating many-to-many mapping morphology performance. observed lab partially consistent two-peak wild, exception new eaters. thus reveal bimodal biomechanical model that connects sympatric trophic niche specialists.

Language: Английский

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Surprising spatiotemporal stability of a multi-peak fitness landscape revealed by independent field experiments measuring hybrid fitness

Evolution Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(6), P. 530 - 544

Published: Oct. 21, 2020

The effect of the environment on fitness in natural populations is a fundamental question evolutionary biology. However, experimental manipulations both and phenotype at same time are rare. Thus, relative importance competitive versus intrinsic organismal performance shaping location, height, fluidity peaks valleys remains largely unknown. Here, we experimentally tested competitor frequency complex landscape driving adaptive radiation generalist two trophic specialist pupfishes, scale-eater molluscivore, endemic to hypersaline lakes San Salvador Island (SSI), Bahamas. We manipulated phenotypes, by generating 3407 F4/F5 lab-reared hybrids, environment, altering rare transgressive hybrids between field enclosures independent lake populations. then tracked hybrid survival growth rates across these four for 3-11 months. In contrast speciation theory, found no evidence that phenotypes affected their survival. Instead, observed strikingly similar previous experiment, each supporting multiple molluscivore large valley isolating divergent phenotype. These features were stable environments, multivariate trait axes, spatiotemporal heterogeneity. suggest absolute constraints gene regulatory networks shape macroevolutionary (interspecific) landscapes addition microevolutionary (intraspecific) dynamics. This interplay organism underlies static dynamic landscape.

Language: Английский

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Selection-driven trait loss in independently evolved cavefish populations

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 28, 2022

Abstract Predicting the outcome of evolution is a central goal modern biology, yet, determining relative contributions deterministic events (i.e., selection) and stochastic drift mutation) to evolutionary process remains major challenge. Systems where same traits have evolved repeatedly provide natural replication that can be leveraged study predictability molecular genetic basis adaptation. Although mutational screens in laboratory demonstrated diversity mutations produce phenocopies one another, systems, similar changes frequently underly phenotypes across independent lineages. This suggests substantial role for constraint determinism supports notion there may characteristics which make certain more likely contribute phenotypic evolution. Here we use large-scale whole genome resequencing Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus , demonstrate selection has played primary repeated both trait loss enhancement cave We identify candidate genes underlying adaptation caves infer mode evolution, revealing on standing variation de novo substantially Finally, show with evidence significantly longer coding regions compared rest genome, this effect most pronounced evolving convergently via mutations. Importantly, our findings first empirical support hypothesis larger targets are substrate indicate features novel environment impact rate at occur.

Language: Английский

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Wnt/β-Catenin Promotes the Osteoblastic Potential of BMP9 Through Down-Regulating Cyp26b1 in Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. 705 - 723

Published: April 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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We get by with a little help from our friends: shared adaptive variation provides a bridge to novel ecological specialists during adaptive radiation

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 289(1975)

Published: May 25, 2022

Adaptive radiations involve astounding bursts of phenotypic, ecological and species diversity. However, the microevolutionary processes that underlie origins these are still poorly understood. We report discovery an intermediate C. sp. ‘wide-mouth’ scale-eating ecomorph in a sympatric radiation Cyprinodon pupfishes, illuminating transition from widespread algae-eating generalist to novel microendemic specialist. first show this occurs sympatry with variegatus specialist desquamator on San Salvador Island, Bahamas, but is genetically differentiated, morphologically distinct often consumes scales. then compared timing selective sweeps shared unique adaptive variants trophic specialists characterize their walk. Shared regions swept both ecomorph, followed by introgressed variation de novo . The two populations additionally 9% hard molluscivore brontotheroides , despite no single common ancestor among specialists. Our work provides new framework for investigating how major transitions occur illustrates genetic can provide bridge multiple access niches.

Language: Английский

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