Models of psychedelic drug action: modulation of cortical-subcortical circuits

Brain, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 145(2), P. 441 - 456

Published: Oct. 22, 2021

Classic psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have recaptured the imagination of both science popular culture, may efficacy in treating a wide range psychiatric disorders. Human animal studies drug action brain demonstrated involvement serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor cerebral cortex acute action, but different models evolved to try explain impact 5-HT2A activation on neural systems. Two prominent (the cortico-striatal thalamo-cortical, or CSTC, model relaxed beliefs under psychedelics, REBUS, model) emphasized role subcortical structures crucial mediating effects. We describe these discuss gaps knowledge, inconsistencies literature extensions models. then introduce third circuit-level involving claustrum, thin strip grey matter between insula external capsule that densely expresses receptors cortico-claustro-cortical, CCC, model). In this model, we propose claustrum entrains canonical cortical network states, disrupt 5-HT2A-mediated coupling cortex, leading attenuation networks during Together, three many phenomena experience, using framework, future research help delineate functional specificity each circuit serotonergic non-serotonergic hallucinogens.

Language: Английский

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Hippocampal encoding of memories in human infants

Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 387(6740), P. 1316 - 1320

Published: March 20, 2025

Humans lack memories for specific events from the first few years of life. We investigated mechanistic basis this infantile amnesia by scanning brains awake infants with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they performed a subsequent memory task. Greater activity in hippocampus during viewing previously unseen photographs was related to later memory-based looking behavior beginning around 1 year age, suggesting that capacity encode individual comes online infancy. The availability encoding mechanisms episodic period human life is lost our autobiographical record implies postencoding mechanisms, whereby infancy become inaccessible retrieval, may be more responsible amnesia.

Language: Английский

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Evidence of hippocampal learning in human infants

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(15), P. 3358 - 3364.e4

Published: May 21, 2021

Language: Английский

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Prediction errors disrupt hippocampal representations and update episodic memories

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(51)

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Significance Our brains draw on memories to predict the future; when our predictions are incorrect, we must update improve future predictions. Past studies have demonstrated that hippocampus signals prediction error (i.e., surprise) but not linked this neural signal memory updating. Here, uncover missing connection. We show mnemonic errors change role of hippocampus, reversing relationship between hippocampal activation and outcomes. examine mechanisms shift in processing, showing disrupt temporal continuity patterns. propose sustained representations enable findings bear implications for improving education, understanding eyewitness distortion, treating pathological memories.

Language: Английский

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A neural network model of when to retrieve and encode episodic memories

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

Recent human behavioral and neuroimaging results suggest that people are selective in when they encode retrieve episodic memories. To explain these findings, we trained a memory-augmented neural network to use its memory support prediction of upcoming states an environment where past situations sometimes reoccur. We found the learned selectively as function several factors, including uncertainty about state. Additionally, encoding memories at end event (but not mid-event) led better subsequent performance. In all cases, benefits retrieval can be explained terms reducing risk retrieving irrelevant Overall, modeling provide resource-rational account why should lead testable predictions.The brain record snapshots details from specific events – such took place this information later. Recalling ‘episodic memories’ help us gain understanding our current surroundings predict what will happen next. Studies have typically involved observing volunteers while perform simple, well-defined tasks, learning recalling lists random pairs words. However, it is less clear how works ‘in wild’ no one quizzing us, going everyday activities. Recently, researchers started study more naturalistic situations, for example, watch movie. Here, Lu et al. built computational model brains store during experiments. The team gave sequence inputs corresponding different stages event, asked was coming Intuitively, might think best would frequently possible. performed is, preferentially storing waiting recover them until there gap model’s situation. This strategy may avoid (in turn) result making incorrect predictions with negative outcomes. makes possible particular experiment. openly shared code so other able their studies understand uses situations.

Language: Английский

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Correspondence of functional connectivity gradients across human isocortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: April 12, 2023

Gradient mapping is an important technique to summarize high dimensional biological features as low manifold representations in exploring brain structure-function relationships at various levels of the cerebral cortex. While recent studies have characterized major gradients functional connectivity several structures using this technique, very few systematically examined correspondence such across under a common systems-level framework. Using resting-state magnetic resonance imaging, here we show that organizing principles isocortex, and those cerebellum hippocampus relation can be described two gradients. We suggest similarity these meaningfully interpreted within computational framework based on predictive processing. The present results, specific hypotheses they suggest, represent step toward integrative account function.

Language: Английский

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Multiple Memory Subsystems: Reconsidering Memory in the Mind and Brain

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 103 - 125

Published: June 30, 2023

The multiple-memory-systems framework-that distinct types of memory are supported by brain systems-has guided learning and research for decades. However, recent work challenges the one-to-one mapping between structures central to this taxonomy, with key memory-related supporting multiple functions across substructures. Here we integrate cross-species findings in hippocampus, striatum, amygdala propose an updated framework subsystems (MMSS). We provide evidence two organizational principles MMSS theory: First, opposing representations colocated same structures; second, parallel structures. discuss why burgeoning has potential a useful revision classic theories long-term memory, what is needed further validate framework, how novel perspective on organization may guide future research.

Language: Английский

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A neural network model of hippocampal contributions to category learning

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 11, 2023

In addition to its critical role in encoding individual episodes, the hippocampus is capable of extracting regularities across experiences. This ability central category learning, and a growing literature indicates that indeed makes important contributions this form learning. Using neural network model mirrors anatomy hippocampus, we investigated mechanisms by which may support novel We simulated three learning paradigms evaluated network's categorize recognize specific exemplars each. found trisynaptic pathway within hippocampus-connecting entorhinal cortex dentate gyrus, CA3, CA1-was for remembering exemplar-specific information, reflecting rapid binding pattern separation capabilities circuit. The monosynaptic from CA1, contrast, specialized detecting define structure exemplars, supported use distributed representations relatively slower rate. Together, simulations provide an account how constituent pathways

Language: Английский

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Not what u expect: Effects of prediction errors on item memory.

Journal of Experimental Psychology General, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 152(8), P. 2160 - 2176

Published: March 30, 2023

The characterization of the relationship between predictions and one-shot episodic encoding poses an important challenge for memory research. On one hand, events that are compatible with our previous knowledge thought to be remembered better than incompatible ones. other unexpected situations, by virtue their novelty, known cause enhanced learning. Several theoretical accounts try solve this apparent paradox conceptualizing prediction error (PE) as a continuum ranging from low PE (for expectation-matching events) high expectation-mismatching ones). Under such framework, would described U-shape function higher performance extreme levels lower middle PE. In study, we tested framework using gradual manipulation strength association scenes objects render different then item (mis)matching events. two experiments, in contrast what was anticipated, recognition object identity followed inverted PE, intermediate Furthermore, additional showed relevance explicit at reveal U pattern, thus providing boundary conditions effect. We discussed findings light existing literature relating memory, pointing out potential roles uncertainty environment, importance cognitive operations underlying tasks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Language: Английский

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Prediction error and event segmentation in episodic memory

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 157, P. 105533 - 105533

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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