Lessons learnt from easing COVID-19 restrictions: an analysis of countries and regions in Asia Pacific and Europe

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 396(10261), P. 1525 - 1534

Published: Sept. 24, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Viral, Host, and Environmental Factors

Annals of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 174(1), P. 69 - 79

Published: Sept. 17, 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread globally in a few short months. Substantial evidence now supports preliminary conclusions about transmission that can inform rational, evidence-based policies and reduce misinformation on this critical topic. This article presents comprehensive review virus. Although several experimental studies have cultured live virus from aerosols surfaces hours after inoculation, real-world detect viral RNA environment report very low levels, isolated viable Strong case cluster reports indicates is dominant, with proximity ventilation being key determinants risk. In cases where direct contact or fomite presumed, not been completely excluded. Infectiousness peaks around day before symptom onset declines within week onset, no late linked transmissions (after patient had symptoms for week) documented. The heterogeneous dynamics: Most persons do transmit virus, whereas some cause many secondary clusters called "superspreading events." Evidence-based practices should incorporate accumulating knowledge SARS-CoV-2 to help educate public slow

Language: Английский

---

Effectiveness of Adding a Mask Recommendation to Other Public Health Measures to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Danish Mask Wearers

Annals of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 174(3), P. 335 - 343

Published: Nov. 18, 2020

Observational evidence suggests that mask wearing mitigates transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is uncertain if this observed association arises through protection uninfected wearers (protective effect), via reduced from infected (source control), or both.

Language: Английский

---

COVID-19 pandemic and air transportation: Successfully navigating the paper hurricane

Journal of Air Transport Management, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 94, P. 102062 - 102062

Published: April 15, 2021

This paper aims to analyze and understand the impact of corona virus disease (COVID-19) on aviation also role played in spread COVID-19, by reviewing recent scientific literature. We have collected 110 papers subject published year 2020 grouped them according their major application domain, leading following categories: Analysis global air transportation system during impacts passenger-centric flight experience, long-term broad aviation. Based aggregated reported findings literature, this concludes with a set recommendations for future directions; hopefully helping prepare post-COVID-19 world.

Language: Английский

---

Causal impact of masks, policies, behavior on early COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S.

Published: May 28, 2020

Language: Английский

---

Association of social distancing and face mask use with risk of COVID-19

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 18, 2021

Abstract Given the continued burden of COVID-19 worldwide, there is a high unmet need for data on effect social distancing and face mask use to mitigate risk COVID-19. We examined association community-level measures individual with predicted in large prospective U.S. cohort study 198,077 participants. Individuals living communities greatest had 31% lower compared those poor distancing. Self-reported ‘always’ was associated 62% reduced even among individuals community These findings provide support efficacy mask-wearing settings reducing transmission. Despite mass vaccination campaigns many parts world, efforts at remain critically important spread

Language: Английский

---

Causal impact of masks, policies, behavior on early covid-19 pandemic in the U.S.

Journal of Econometrics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 220(1), P. 23 - 62

Published: Oct. 17, 2020

This paper evaluates the dynamic impact of various policies adopted by US states on growth rates confirmed Covid-19 cases and deaths as well social distancing behavior measured Google Mobility Reports, where we take into consideration people's voluntarily behavioral response to new information transmission risks. Our analysis finds that both risks are important determinants shows a change in explains large fraction observed changes behavior. counterfactual experiments suggest nationally mandating face masks for employees April 1st could have reduced rate more than 10 percentage points late April, led much 17 55 percent less end May, which roughly translates thousand saved lives. estimates imply removing non-essential business closures (while maintaining school closures, restrictions movie theaters restaurants) -20 60 May. We also find that, without stay-at-home orders, would been larger 25 170 percent, implies 0.5 3.4 million Americans infected if orders had not implemented. Finally, having implemented any at least 7 fold increase with an uninformative upper bound (and deaths) May US, considerable uncertainty over effects little cross-sectional variation.

Language: Английский

---

Air quality changes in cities during the COVID-19 lockdown: A critical review

Atmospheric Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 264, P. 105823 - 105823

Published: Aug. 25, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Face masks against COVID-19: Standards, efficacy, testing and decontamination methods

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 292, P. 102435 - 102435

Published: April 29, 2021

Language: Английский

---

An upper bound on one-to-one exposure to infectious human respiratory particles

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(49)

Published: Dec. 2, 2021

We present results on the infection risk from SARS-CoV-2 under different scenarios based measured particle size-dependent mask penetration, total inward leakage, human aerosol emission for sizes 10nm to 1mm, and re-hydration inhalation. Well-mixed room models significantly underestimate of short direct exposure. To this end, we estimate upper bound with susceptible in infectious exhalation cloud or wearing masks by having masked inhale entire a infectious. Social distances without mask, even at 3m between speaking individuals an 90\% after few minutes. If both wear surgical person remains below 26\% 60 When well-fitting FFP2 is reduced factor compared masks. In cases, face leakage very important. For masks, low nasal region directed upward, which can be further applying double-sided medical tape there. Considering that calculated greatly overestimates infection, fact poorly worn low, conclude some provides excellent third party self-protection.

Language: Английский

---