A global environmental crisis 42,000 years ago

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 371(6531), P. 811 - 818

Published: Feb. 19, 2021

Reversing the field Do terrestrial geomagnetic reversals have an effect on Earth's climate? Cooper et al. created a precisely dated radiocarbon record around time of Laschamps reversal about 41,000 years ago from rings New Zealand swamp kauri trees. This reveals substantial increase in carbon-14 content atmosphere culminating during period weakening magnetic strength preceding polarity switch. The authors modeled consequences this event and concluded that minimum caused changes atmospheric ozone concentration drove synchronous global climate environmental shifts. Science , issue p. 811

Language: Английский

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SPIN enables high throughput species identification of archaeological bone by proteomics

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: May 5, 2022

Abstract Species determination based on genetic evidence is an indispensable tool in archaeology, forensics, ecology, and food authentication. Most available analytical approaches involve compromises with regard to the number of detectable species, high cost due low throughput, or a labor-intensive manual process. Here, we introduce “Species by Proteome INvestigation” (SPIN), shotgun proteomics workflow for analyzing archaeological bone capable querying over 150 mammalian species liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Rapid peptide chromatography data-independent acquisition (DIA) throughput 200 samples per day reduce expensive MS time, whereas streamlined sample preparation automated data interpretation save labor costs. We confirm successful classification known reference bones, including domestic great apes, beyond taxonomic resolution conventional fingerprinting (PMF)-based Zooarchaeology Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) method. In blinded study degraded Iron-Age material from Scandinavia, SPIN produces reproducible results between replicates, which are consistent morphological analysis. Finally, demonstrate capabilities method high-degradation context more than two hundred Middle Upper Palaeolithic bones Southern European sites late Neanderthal occupation. While this initial focused modern bone, will be open expandable other biological tissues taxa.

Language: Английский

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Ecosystem productivity affected the spatiotemporal disappearance of Neanderthals in Iberia

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(11), P. 1644 - 1657

Published: Sept. 29, 2022

Abstract What role did fluctuations play in biomass availability for secondary consumers the disappearance of Neanderthals and survival modern humans? To answer this, we quantify effects stadial interstadial conditions on ecosystem productivity human spatiotemporal distribution patterns during Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition (50,000–30,000 calibrated years before present) Iberia. First, used summed probability distribution, optimal linear estimation Bayesian age modelling reconstruct an updated timescale transition. Next, executed a generalized dynamic vegetation model estimate net primary productivity. Finally, developed macroecological validated with present-day observations calculate herbivore abundance. The results indicate that, Eurosiberian region, Neanderthal groups was contemporaneous significant decrease available consumers, arrival first Homo sapiens populations coincided increase carrying capacity. During stadials, Mediterranean region had most stable highest medium medium–large herbivores. These outcomes support ecological cause hiatus between Mousterian Aurignacian technocomplexes Northern Iberia longer persistence southern latitudes.

Language: Английский

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The intrusive nature of the Châtelperronian in the Iberian Peninsula

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. e0265219 - e0265219

Published: March 30, 2022

Multiple factors have been proposed to explain the disappearance of Neandertals between ca. 50 and 40 kyr BP. Central these discussions has identification new techno-cultural complexes that overlap with period Neandertal demise in Europe. One such complex is Châtelperronian, which extends from Paris Basin Northern Iberian Peninsula 43,760–39,220 In this study we present first open-air Châtelperronian site Peninsula, Aranbaltza II. The technological features its stone tool assemblage show no links previous Middle Paleolithic technology region, chronological modeling reveals a gap latest area. We interpret as evidence local extinction replacement by other groups coming southern France, illustrating how episodes could played role process Neandertals.

Language: Английский

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A 23,000-year-old southern Iberian individual links human groups that lived in Western Europe before and after the Last Glacial Maximum

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2023

Human populations underwent range contractions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) which had lasting and dramatic effects on their genetic variation. The ancestry of individuals associated with post-LGM Magdalenian technocomplex has been interpreted as being derived from groups pre-LGM Aurignacian. However, both these ancestries differ that central European chronologically intermediate Gravettian. Thus, genomic transition pre- to remains unclear also in western Europe, where we lack data Solutrean, spans height LGM. Here present genome-wide sites Andalusia southern Spain, including a Solutrean-associated individual Cueva del Malalmuerzo, directly dated ~23,000 cal yr BP. Malalmuerzo carried connects earlier Aurignacian-associated Magdalenian-associated Europe. This scenario differs Italy, carry different ancestries. suggests dynamics proposed refugia Ice Age Europe posits Iberia potential refugium for ancestry. More, Ardales, were thought be Palaeolithic origin, date younger than expected and, together Andalusian Caserones Aguilillas, fall within variation Neolithic, Chalcolithic Bronze Iberia.

Language: Английский

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Reassessing palaeoenvironmental conditions during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in the Cantabrian region (Southwestern Europe)

Quaternary Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 301, P. 107928 - 107928

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Climatic and environmental changes have been commonly proposed as driving factors behind the decline of Neanderthals in Europe. The Cantabrian region, northern Iberia, is a key area for understanding replacement by Anatomically Modern Humans, where an early disappearance relation to other areas Iberia has proposed. To evaluate how climate might influenced human behaviour during Marine Isotope Stage 3, accurate review palaeoecological conditions required. For first time, assessment regional available terrestrial proxies linked archaeo-palaeontological sites, including small vertebrate assemblages, pollen sequences, charcoal data stable isotope studies on macromammals undertaken this region. In addition, records from macrofaunal assemblages glacial also considered. standardise information allow inter-site comparison, sequences were transformed into quantitative climatic estimations temperature precipitation. Results show highly variable shifts between archaeological levels, being consistent with fluctuations observed marine ice core records. Small mammal reveal mosaic landscape open meadows followed scattered forested areas. A progressive trend towards aridity end Mousterian Aurignacian reflected arboreal pollen, macromammal species isotopes evidence ungulates consumed late Humans This suggests decrease temperatures rainfall 48,000 44,000 cal BP (after Heinrich Event 5) which coincides region populational hiatus until 43,000 BP. Despite multiple intra-site available, study challenges fragmentary record period evolution reveals that further research needed obtain complete high-resolution palaeoenvironmental palaeoclimatic reconstruction.

Language: Английский

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Vegetation and climate changes during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition in the southwestern Mediterranean: What happened to the last Neanderthals during Heinrich stadial 4?

Quaternary Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 359, P. 109345 - 109345

Published: April 28, 2025

Language: Английский

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The late persistence of the Middle Palaeolithic and Neandertals in Iberia: A review of the evidence for and against the “Ebro Frontier” model

Quaternary Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 270, P. 107098 - 107098

Published: Sept. 21, 2021

In the Franco-Cantabrian region and Catalonia, Upper Palaeolithic begins with three assemblage-types found in stratigraphic order through interval between 45,000 37,000 years ago: Châtelperronian, Protoaurignacian, Early Aurignacian. A stone tool, Châtelperron point, a bone split-based are index fossils of first last, respectively, but neither was ever elsewhere Iberia. This observation triggered proposition that, regions situated to south River Ebro drainage, Middle persisted until time when Aurignacian gave way Evolved Aurignacian, which is documented across all Iberia by assemblages containing its fossil, Roc-de-Combe bladelet. Put forth thirty ago, this Frontier model support little radiometric evidence then available. Since, it has been shown that most apparently late occurrences were an artefact dating error, caused incomplete decontamination radiocarbon samples, while claims have surfaced for be more widespread than hitherto thought. While validity Frontier's premises thereby called into question, continued provided excavation new sites, re-excavation old ones, application luminescence techniques, robustly pre-treated samples. Moreover, highlighting key role site formation process taphonomy continue play ongoing controversies, issues association samples what they supposed date cast doubt on two presence Andalusia Portugal. Along Iberian System range, Cantabro-Pyrenean cordillera represents formidable physical obstacle travel communication, potentially enhanced during Last Glacial times because rapid major fluctuations aridity, glacier extent, plant cover. barrier effect underpins divergent culture-historical trajectories we see unfolding at various Pleistocene. Beyond Middle-to-Upper transition, well-known case point 20,000 22,000 Badegoulian Initial Magdalenian France northern Spain developed parallel facies Solutrean Solutreo-gravettian persisting Valencia Given known associations technocomplexes human types, these regions' Late Mousterian can taken as proxy persistence Neandertal populations, therefore constitutes study choice analyses variation intensity frequency biological cultural interactions among low-density, small-scale populations hunter-gatherers. Such implications models spread genes, ideas course Human Evolution, would greatly benefit from due consideration historical contingency sheds much light on.

Language: Английский

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Optimal linear estimation models predict 1400–2900 years of overlap between Homo sapiens and Neandertals prior to their disappearance from France and northern Spain

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

Abstract Recent fossil discoveries suggest that Neandertals and Homo sapiens may have co-existed in Europe for as long 5 to 6000 years. Yet, evidence their contemporaneity at any regional scale remains highly elusive. In France northern Spain, a region which features some of the latest directly-dated Europe, Protoaurignacian assemblages attributed appear ‘replace’ Neandertal-associated Châtelperronian assemblages. Using earliest known occurrences starting points, Bayesian modelling has provided indication these occupations fact been partly contemporaneous. The reality, however, is we are unlikely ever identify ‘first’ or ‘last’ appearance species cultural tradition archaeological record. Here, use optimal linear estimation estimate first date extinction Spain by statistically inferring ‘missing’ portions records. Additionally, this using dataset Neandertal remains. Our total consists sixty-six modernly produced radiocarbon determinations recalibrated newest calibration curve (IntCal20) produce updated age ranges. results onset occupation likely preceded up 1400–2900 This reaffirms Bayesian-derived duration co-existence between groups during initial Upper Palaeolithic novel independent method, indicates our understanding timing not be suffering from substantial gaps Whether featured form direct interaction, resolved.

Language: Английский

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Assessing climatic impact on transition from Neanderthal to anatomically modern human population on Iberian Peninsula: a macroscopic perspective

Science Bulletin, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 68(11), P. 1176 - 1186

Published: April 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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