Carbon stocks and potential sequestration of Uruguayan soils: a road map to a comprehensive characterization of temporal and spatial changes to assess carbon footprint DOI Creative Commons
Pablo Baldassini, Walter Baethgen, Gonzalo Camba Sans

et al.

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: July 20, 2023

Carbon net emission is a critical aspect of the environmental footprint in agricultural systems. However, alternatives to describe soil organic carbon (SOC) changes associated with different management practices/land uses are limited. Here we provide an overview (C) stocks non-forested areas Uruguay estimate SOC for units affected by accumulated effects crop and livestock production systems last decades. For this, defined levels based on losses relative original (reference) stocks: 25% or less, between 50%, 50% more. We characterized reference using three approaches: (1) equation derive potential capacity clay fine silt content, (2) DayCent model climate, texture C inputs from natural grasslands area, (3) proxy derived remote sensing data (i.e., Ecosystem Services Supply Index) that accounts differences inputs. Depending used SOC, had distributions within zones thresholds. As expected, magnitude observed was related frequency annual crops, however, high variability along gradient land suggests wide space increasing practices. The assessment stock preserved (CSP) belowground accumulation sequestration (CAP) components given system. Thus, propose methodological road map indicators CSP CAP at farm level combining both, biogeochemical simulation models conceptual data. recognize least issues require scientific political consensus implement use this propose: how define stocks, current over large heterogeneous landscapes, what reasonable/acceptable threshold reduction.

Language: Английский

Integrated global assessment of the natural forest carbon potential DOI Creative Commons
Lidong Mo, Constantin M. Zohner, Peter B. Reich

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 624(7990), P. 92 - 101

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

Abstract Forests are a substantial terrestrial carbon sink, but anthropogenic changes in land use and climate have considerably reduced the scale of this system 1 . Remote-sensing estimates to quantify losses from global forests 2–5 characterized by considerable uncertainty we lack comprehensive ground-sourced evaluation benchmark these estimates. Here combine several 6 satellite-derived approaches 2,7,8 evaluate forest potential outside agricultural urban lands. Despite regional variation, predictions demonstrated remarkable consistency at scale, with only 12% difference between At present, storage is markedly under natural potential, total deficit 226 Gt (model range = 151–363 Gt) areas low human footprint. Most (61%, 139 C) existing forests, which ecosystem protection can allow recover maturity. The remaining 39% (87 lies regions been removed or fragmented. Although cannot be substitute for emissions reductions, our results support idea 2,3,9 that conservation, restoration sustainable management diverse offer valuable contributions meeting biodiversity targets.

Language: Английский

Citations

176
A global meta-analysis of soil organic carbon in the Anthropocene DOI Creative Commons
Damien Beillouin, Marc Corbeels, Julien Demenois

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 22, 2023

Anthropogenic activities profoundly impact soil organic carbon (SOC), affecting its contribution to ecosystem services such as climate regulation. Here, we conducted a thorough review of the impacts land-use change, land management, and change on SOC. Using second-order meta-analysis, synthesized findings from 230 first-order meta-analyses comprising over 25,000 primary studies. We show that (i) conversion for crop production leads high SOC loss, can be partially restored through management practices, particularly by introducing trees incorporating exogenous in form biochar or amendments, (ii) practices are implemented forests generally result depletion SOC, (iii) indirect effects wildfires, have greater than direct (e.g., rising temperatures). The our study provide strong evidence assist decision-makers safeguarding stocks promoting restoration. Furthermore, they serve crucial research roadmap, identifying areas require attention fill knowledge gaps concerning factors driving changes

Language: Английский

Citations

158
Evidence and attribution of the enhanced land carbon sink DOI Open Access
Sophie Ruehr, Trevor F. Keenan, C. A. Williams

et al.

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(8), P. 518 - 534

Published: July 25, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

112
The enduring world forest carbon sink DOI
Yude Pan, Richard A. Birdsey, Oliver L. Phillips

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 631(8021), P. 563 - 569

Published: July 17, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

96
Releasing global forests from human management: How much more carbon could be stored? DOI
Caspar T. J. Roebroek, Grégory Duveiller, Sonia I. Seneviratne

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 380(6646), P. 749 - 753

Published: May 18, 2023

Carbon storage in forests is a cornerstone of policy-making to prevent global warming from exceeding 1.5°C. However, the impact management (for example, harvesting) on carbon budget remains poorly quantified. We integrated maps forest biomass and with machine learning show that by removing human intervention, under current climatic conditions dioxide (CO2) concentration, existing could increase their aboveground up 44.1 (error range: 21.0 63.0) petagrams carbon. This an 15 16% over levels, equating about 4 years anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Therefore, without strong reductions emissions, this strategy holds low mitigation potential, sink should be preserved offset residual emissions rather than compensate for present levels.

Language: Английский

Citations

85
Large-scale ecosystem carbon stocks and their driving factors across Loess Plateau DOI Creative Commons
Yang Yang, Liangxu Liu, Pingping Zhang

et al.

Carbon Neutrality, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Abstract The large-scale vegetation restoration project on the Loess Plateau increased ecosystem carbon (C) stocks and affected C budget in arid semi-arid ecosystems. specific details affecting stocks, their distribution, dependence land use climate were never presented generalized. We assessed effects of factors soil properties through field investigation across Plateau. total four ecosystems: forestlands [0.36], shrublands [0.24], grasslands [1.18], farmlands [1.05] was 2.84 Pg (1 = 10 15 g), among which 30% stored topsoil (0–20 cm), 53% above-ground biomass, 17% roots. density decreased according to from southeast (warm dry) northwest (cold moist) with increasing temperature (from 5 °C), but precipitation 200 700 mm). Variation partitioning analysis structural equation models indicated that more explained by compared properties. This supports theory empirical findings large scale pattern is predominantly regulated Our results highlight are predestined store other ecosystems, roots substantial should be considered when assessing strongly contributes organic matter formation. suggest investing can an effective strategy for meeting part reduction goals mitigate change, necessary validating parameterizing worldwide.

Language: Английский

Citations

62
Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high‐latitude net ecosystem carbon budget DOI
Jennifer D. Watts, Mary Farina, John S. Kimball

et al.

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(7), P. 1870 - 1889

Published: Jan. 17, 2023

Arctic-boreal landscapes are experiencing profound warming, along with changes in ecosystem moisture status and disturbance from fire. This region is of global importance terms carbon feedbacks to climate, yet the sign (sink or source) magnitude budget within recent years remains highly uncertain. Here, we provide new estimates (2003-2015) vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP), respiration (Reco ), net CO2 exchange (NEE; Reco - GPP), terrestrial methane (CH4 ) emissions for zone using a satellite data-driven process-model northern ecosystems (TCFM-Arctic), calibrated evaluated measurements >60 tower eddy covariance (EC) sites. We used TCFM-Arctic obtain daily 1-km2 flux annual budgets pan-Arctic-boreal region. Across domain, model indicated an overall average NEE sink -850 Tg -C year-1 . Eurasian boreal zones, especially those Siberia, contributed majority sink. In contrast, tundra biome was relatively neutral (ranging small source). Regional CH4 wetlands (not accounting aquatic were estimated at 35 Accounting additional open water bodies fire, available literature, reduced total regional by 21% shifted many far landscapes, some forests, source. assessment, based on situ observations models, improves our understanding high-latitude also indicates continued need integrated site-to-regional assessments monitor vulnerability these climate change.

Language: Английский

Citations

57
Asymmetry of carbon sequestrations by plant and soil after forestation regulated by soil nitrogen DOI Creative Commons
Songbai Hong, Jinzhi Ding,

Fei Kan

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 2, 2023

Forestation is regarded as an effective strategy for increasing terrestrial carbon sequestration. However, its sink potential remains uncertain due to the scarcity of large-scale sampling data and limited knowledge linkage between plant soil C dynamics. Here, we conduct a survey 163 control plots 614 forested involving 25304 trees 11700 samples in northern China fill this gap. We find that forestation contributes significant (913.19 ± 47.58 Tg C), 74% which stored biomass 26% organic carbon. Further analysis reveals increases initially but then decreases nitrogen increases, while significantly nitrogen-rich soils. These results highlight importance incorporating interactions, modulated by supply calculation modelling current future potential.

Language: Английский

Citations

44
Accounting for albedo change to identify climate-positive tree cover restoration DOI Creative Commons
Natalia Hasler, C. A. Williams,

Vanessa Carrasco Denney

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 26, 2024

Abstract Restoring tree cover changes albedo, which is the fraction of sunlight reflected from Earth’s surface. In most locations, these in albedo offset or even negate carbon removal benefits with latter leading to global warming. Previous efforts quantify climate mitigation benefit restoring have not accounted robustly for given a lack spatially explicit data. Here we produce maps that show carbon-only estimates may be up 81% too high. While dryland and boreal settings especially severe offsets, it possible find places provide net-positive all biomes. We further on-the-ground projects are concentrated more climate-positive but majority still face at least 20% offset. Thus, strategically deploying restoration maximum requires accounting change tools do so.

Language: Английский

Citations

38
Soil microplastics: Impacts on greenhouse gasses emissions, carbon cycling, microbial diversity, and soil characteristics DOI
Ismail Khan, Muhammad Tariq, Khulood Fahad Alabbosh

et al.

Applied Soil Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 197, P. 105343 - 105343

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

27